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《马可·波罗与万里长城——兼评《马可·波罗到过中国吗？》》
作 者：
黄时鉴
龚缨晏
出 处：
中国社会科学
1998年第4期
发表时间：1998-00-00
正 文：
本文对英国学者吴芳思因马可·波罗游记中未提到长城等中国事物而否定马可·波罗到过中国的观点进行了辩驳。文章认为，修建于秦汉时期的长城，至魏晋以后已失去了标志 ……
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参考文献：
1.D.F.Lach，Asia in the Making of Europe，Vol。I，book1，p。36，The University of Chicago Press，1965。
2.黄时鉴：《略谈马可波罗书的抄本与刊本》，《学林漫录》第8集，中华书局1983年版。
3.国内如杨志玖的《马可波罗足迹遍中国》（《南开学报》1982年第6期）、《马可波罗与中国》（《环球》1982年第10期）（以上二文均收入杨志玖所著《元史三论》中，人民出版社1985年版）、《再论马可·波罗书的真伪问题》（收入余士雄主编《中西文化交流的先驱——马可·波罗》，商务印书馆1995年版）；黄时鉴的《关于茶在北亚和西域的早期传播》（《历史研究》1993年第1期）。
4.弗朗西丝·伍德（吴芳思）著，洪允息译《马可·波罗到过中国吗？》DidMarcoPoloGotoChina？，新华出版社1997年版。为便于读者查核，本文引用此书时，尽量用中译本，只是在译文不同的情况下，注用英文本。
5.《马可·波罗到过中国吗？》，第132页。
6.中国社会科学院考古研究所：《新中国的考古发现和研究》，文物出版社1984年版，第400页。
7.《史记·蒙恬列传》。
8.参见《中国大百科全书》（考古学），中国大百科全书出版社1986年版，第376页。
9.罗哲文：《长城百科全书》，吉林人民出版社1994年版，第5页。
10.《通典》卷一七八《州郡·古冀州上》。
11.贾洲杰：《金代长城》，载《中国长城遗址调查报告集》，文物出版社1981年版。参见王国维《金界壕考》，载《观堂集林》第三册，中华书局1959年版。
12.朱：《万里长城修建的沿革》，《历史教学》1955年12月号。
13.“Marco Polo”，The New Encyc lopaedia Britannica，15th ed.，1988，Vol. 9，pp.571—573。
14.《新唐书》卷四三下《地理志》七下。
15.学者们对于马可·波罗从宁夏到天德军的具体路线，目前还有不同的说法。玉尔认为，马可·波罗从宁夏沿黄河北上而达天德，伯希和则认为马可·波罗应当是从陆路经榆林而至天德。参见P.Pelliot，Notes On Marco Polo，Paris，1963，p.850。
16.甘肃省博物馆、敦煌县文化馆：《敦煌马圈湾汉代烽燧遗址发掘简报》，《文物》1981年第10期。
17.吴骧：《玉门关与玉门关侯》，《文物》1981年第10期。
18.《敦煌录》残卷（斯5448号），见王仲荦《敦煌石室地志残卷考释》，上海古籍出版社1993年版，第166页。
19.《沙州城土境》（伯2691号），见郑炳林《敦煌地理文书汇辑校注》，甘肃教育出版社1989年版，第39页。《敦煌录》残卷（斯5448号），见王仲荦《敦煌石室地志残卷考释》，上海古籍出版社1993年版，第166页。
20.敦煌文书，伯2005号。参见王仲荦《敦煌石室地志残卷考释》，第132页；郑炳林《敦煌地理文书汇辑校注》，第15页。
21.如《晋书·凉武昭王李玄盛传》说：“玄盛乃修敦煌旧塞东西二围，以防北虏之患，筑敦煌旧塞西南二围，以威南虏。”
22.敦煌文书，伯3929号。参见郑炳林《郭煌地理文书汇辑校注》，第138页。
23.《新五代史》卷七四《四夷附录第三》。
24.成大林：《阳关之谜》，《文史知识》1981年第3期。
25.大岛立子：《元代的敦煌》（上、下）《民族译丛》1984年第2、3期。
26.耶律楚材：《西游录》，中华书局1981年版，第4页。
27.陈高华、史卫民：《元上都》第二章，吉林教育出版社1988年版。
28.张德辉：《纪行》，《秋涧先生大全文集》卷一，四部丛刊本。
29.王恽：《中堂事记》上，《秋涧先生大全文集》卷八。
30.郝经：《陵川集》卷三，文渊阁四库全书影印本，台北。
31.郝经：《陵川集》卷八，文渊阁四库全书影印本，台北。
32.郝经：《陵川集》卷一，文渊阁四库全书影印本，台北。
33.郝经：《陵川集》卷一，文渊阁四库全书影印本，台北。
34.《金华黄先生文集》卷四《上京道中杂诗》。
35.《中国大百科全书》（考古学），第332页。
36.C.R.博克舍编注，何高济译《十六世纪中国南部行纪》，中华书局1993年版，第26页。
37.Juan Gonzalez de Mendoza，The History of the Great and Mighty Kingdom of China and the Situation Thereof，edited by Sir George T.Staunton，With an introduction by R.H.Major，London，printed for the Hakluyt Society，reprinted in Peking，1940，pp.xliv—xlv.
38.C.R.Boxer，Joao de Barros，Portuguese Humanist and Historian of Asia，New Delhi，1981，pp.106－107.一般认为，巴洛斯是第一位记述长城的欧洲人，但我们发现上文提到的那位匿名传教士更早一些，可惜他的名字没有流传下来。
39.D.F.Lach，Asia in the Making of Europe，Vol.I，p.739，Chicago and London，1965.
40.C.R.博克舍编注，何高济译《十六世纪中国南部行纪》，第49、60页。
41.《十六世纪中国南部行纪》，第187页。
42.英译者注Ochyoy即陕西的Ho－chow。明长城西起嘉峪关，当时隶陕西肃州。Ho－chow的中文地名，吴孟雪作“河州”，见其《明清欧人对中国舆地的研究（二）》，载《文史知识》1994年第2期。但河州位于明长城以南，并不在长城线上，故Ochyoy所指何地，尚待考证。
43.拉达的原著记长城为Cincio所筑。Tzintzon与Cincio当指秦始皇，或即“秦始皇”的对音异写。吴孟雪将Tzintzon译为“嬴政”，见《十六世纪中国南部行纪》。
44.在大航海以来的西文文献中，Canton一般指称广州，但此处的Canton当指“关东”。参见下揭门多萨书英译本第28页注2。
45.Paguia，当指北直隶，参见下揭门多萨书英译本，第22页注1。Cansay和Susuan，门多萨英译本和博克舍书均认为是江西和四川，但此处用以记述长城，显然不妥，有待继续研究。
46.J.G.de Mendoza，The History of the Great and Mighty Kingdom of China and the Situation Thereof，pp.28—29。
47.《十六世纪中国南部行纪》，第1页。
48.何高济、王遵仲、李申译《利玛窦中国札记》，中华书局1983年版，第7、559、558页。
49.庞迪我：《一些耶稣会士进入中国纪实以及他们在这一国度看到的特殊情况与该国固有的引人注目的事物》，塞维利亚1605年版，第56页。转引自张铠《16世纪欧洲的中国观——门多萨及其〈大中华帝国史〉》，载黄时鉴主编《东西文化交流论谭》，上海文艺出版社1998年版。
50.D.F.Lach，Asia in the Making of Europe，Vol.I，book1，p.224；book2，p.817.
51.李孝聪：《欧洲所藏部分中文古地图的调查与研究》，《国学研究》第三卷，北京大学出版社1995年版。
52.D.F.Lach，Asia in the Making of Europe，Vol.Ⅲ，book4，图版284—292。
53.James Orange，The Chater Collection：Pictures Relating to China，Hongkong，Macao，1665—1860，London，1924，SectionⅢ，No。10；SectionⅪ，No.4.
54.爱尼斯·安德逊著，费振东译《英使访华录》，商务印书馆1963年版，第119页。
55.斯当东著、叶笃义译《英使谒见乾隆纪实》，商务印书馆1963年版，第342—343页。
56.《英使谒见乾隆纪实》，第344页。
57.F.Wood，Did Marco Polo Go to China？p.101.
58.《马可·波罗到过中国吗？》，第202页。
59.《马可·波罗到过中国吗？》，第4页。
60.《关于马可波罗离华的一段汉记载》，《文史杂志》第1卷第12期，1941年12月重庆。收入杨志玖著《元史三论》，人民出版社1985年版。
61.上段与本段的文献资料，请参考中国第一历史档案馆编《英使马戛尔呢访华档案史料汇编》，国际文化出版公司1996年版。
62.The Book of Ser Marco Polo，translated and edited，with notes，by Colonel Sir Henry Yule，Revised by Henri Cordier，London，1926，pp.110＿111.
63.Nigel Cameron，Barbarians and Mandarins，Oxford University Press，1989，pp.63,65.
64.《马可·波罗到过中国吗？》，第99页。
65.《马可·波罗到过中国吗？》，第97页。
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Regardless Of growing a number of liver lesions,
a lab evaluation discovered her liver operate to
be normal (8). This is a fortunate end result considering she was
taking this excessive dose (for a female) for 6 years.
If you begin remedy early (in the primary 2 years), it’s possible to reverse it
utilizing AIs (aromatase inhibitors), which basically cut
back estrogen ranges and improve testosterone.
If bloating or water retention turns into
excessive, customers ought to lower the dose or discontinue use.
Alternatively, trenbolone is an alternative option for experienced customers
because it does not aromatize. Due to Dianabol’s
aromatization effects and being extremely estrogenic, it’s a compound that causes significant amounts of water
retention. This can go away customers wanting
puffy, bloated, and smooth-looking; therefore, why it’s usually used within the off-season. Nevertheless,
as a result of Dianabol inflicting some extracellular fluid retention (water accumulating
exterior the muscle cell), we do not price it as the most effective steroid for enhancing vascularity.
References:
Ενημέρωση σχετικά με τις νομοθετικές ρυθμίσεις Dbol
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-- [未验证] Brandy (2025-11-01 11:59:04)
This suppression can begin within days, and simply keeps ramping up as you continue.
NPP and Deca each convert to estrogen in the
physique, thanks to the aromatase enzyme. During a cut, each
allow you to keep muscle on, even if you’re
running a calorie deficit.
On the opposite hand, testosterone, when used for medical purposes such as TRT, is legal with a valid prescription. It is necessary to note that the misuse or abuse of testosterone, even with a prescription, can nonetheless be thought of unlawful and topic
to legal repercussions. Anabolic steroids could be addictive for some customers
as a end result of higher levels of endorphins and enhanced physique
composition throughout a cycle. Post-cycle, we
now have observed muscle atrophy (shrinkage) in bodybuilders,
which might cause dependence in some users.
Particular Person responses can vary when taking SARMs or anabolic steroids,
and unregulated use of either is probably dangerous. Other hormones also play a role in the regulation of glucocorticoid
manufacturing. For instance, the hormone vasopressin, which is secreted by the hypothalamus, can enhance
the release of CRH (a CRH secretagogue), thereby growing
The Relationship Between Testosterone and Iron Levels
production of glucocorticoids.
One of the most important challenges in a standard bulking cycle is controlling water weight, maintaining positive aspects via efficient anti-estrogens, and implementing PCT.
At the decrease finish, beneath 500mg, you’re taking a glance at testosterone replacement and a few noticeable
increase to energy, energy, recovery, and gains.
Nonetheless, taking no less than 500mg weekly is commonplace, usually rising to 1000mg for vital positive aspects.
Hardly Ever will or not it's essential to increase the Check dosage to anywhere near 2000mg.
A week standard cycle ought to provide you with
two cycles each year with enough restoration time in between. You would possibly use a bunch of compounds on this cycle, but one will usually be the MAIN compound that takes on the first anabolic position during the cycle.
Anadrol (oxymetholone) is an oral steroid utilized in bulking
cycles to build large quantities of muscle size (hypertrophy).
Intramuscular injection is a popular alternative as a outcome of its environment
friendly absorption rates. Nonetheless, this doesn’t mean Subcutaneous (Sub Q)
administration isn’t effective. It’s essential to keep in thoughts that in case your physique can’t
take in the whole dose, even lacking just 10-20% can impression the power of the compound
and the effectiveness of the dose. So, the administration technique you choose can have a substantial impact on the overall power
and effectiveness of the steroid. Before we delve into
the energy of steroids, it’s essential to suppose about a few key
elements that can influence their effectiveness. Utilizing artificial steroids
can lead to critical health points like liver injury, cardiovascular issues,
hormonal imbalances, and psychological results like temper swings and aggression.
However, not each bodybuilder is keen on needles, and if AAS are incorrectly administered through intramuscular injection, it may find yourself in paralysis or dying (1).
Eddie Johnson is an ex-bodybuilder, health addict, author,
editor and founder of Anabolic Our Bodies.
Additionally a proud father of two boys and enthusiastic
about bodybuilding, diet, and the science behind modern-day supplementation. However sustaining such a lean state year-round just
isn't sustainable as a natural. If somebody carries
lots of muscle and is always shredded to the bone, he’s probably juicing.
Nonetheless, if the higher body – with the shoulders and traps particularly – is considerably
bigger than the decrease body, that might be a sign of steroid use.
Okay, shifting on, here’s a photo of Arnold Schwarzenegger, who
admitted to having used steroids.
In conclusion, steroids and antibiotics are two essential courses of medication with distinct mechanisms of motion and
uses in medical therapies. Sure, each steroids and antibiotics are
natural medication used in medical treatments. Nonetheless, it could be very important notice that while each
steroids and antibiotics may be efficient in treating certain medical conditions, in addition they include potential unwanted aspect effects.
Creatine, protein, and amino acids can have a constructive effect
on physique composition, yet the results are incomparable to anabolic steroids.
Usually, the optimistic effects of anabolic steroids are unmatched
by natural supplements. Nonetheless, this solely applies to a choose variety
of anabolic steroids that are FDA-approved and used medicinally (such as testosterone, Deca Durabolin, and Anadrol).
Different anabolic steroids usually are not accredited or prescribed as a result of high ranges of
toxicity.
Anabolic steroids, however, pose a higher risk because of their usually extreme dosage.
Some of the potential unwanted effects include liver harm, elevated danger of
coronary heart attacks, aggressive conduct (such as "roid rage"), temper swings and an elevated threat of prostate most cancers.
For individuals present process testosterone remedy beneath the steering of a medical professional, there
is a lower threat of experiencing adverse unwanted effects.
Common unwanted aspect effects could embrace zits, elevated blood pressure, fluid retention, and modifications in blood cell
counts. Testosterone remedy is a medical remedy prescribed by medical professionals to assist
individuals with hormonal imbalances or different medical
situations.
There are many artificial corticosteroids used to treat continual conditions,
suppress inflammation, fight stress. They are extra like
glucocorticoids, though they have some exercise of mineralocorticoids.
The average nonprescription dose of anabolic steroids is 10–100
instances stronger than one a well being care provider would prescribe.
Compounds include orals, Testosterone Prop, Trenbolone Acetate, Masteron Prop, and NPP.
Trenbolone acetate is considered one of the tougher compounds you could use in this short cycle.
Tren Ace is powerful and works shortly, but at the similar time, it will be
pretty suppressive even throughout this short-term use.
So, to use Tren Ace in this cycle, it’s beneficial to add HCG at a low dose
of around 500iu weekly (split into two administrations per week).
Anavar will promote fats loss and comes with some benefits for recovery.
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-- [未验证] Annette (2025-11-01 11:07:58)
Being an oral steroid, Dianabol will trigger C17-alpha alkylation, which is a modification to the seventeenth carbon place.
This structural change enables Dianabol to survive liver metabolism.
As a end result, Dianabol is in a position to become bioavailable and
fully energetic. With Out this C17-aa factor, customers wouldn’t be in a position to experience optimal results from Dianabol.
A common incident of moobs in men is the end result of excessive chest fats, which can be corrected through fats loss and muscle-building workout
routines concentrating on the pectoral area.
An alternative strategy centers around considerably
retarding metabolism of the compound. This structural modification greatly
increases oral bioavailability, although it comes with hepatotoxicity (11).
In small doses for brief amounts of time, when their use is monitored by a physician, anabolic steroids have decrease danger of
Long-Term Anavar Considerations
or dangerous side
effects. Correct therapeutic use and coping with illegal misuse of anabolic steroids require an interprofessional staff effort.
In addressing illicit use, all members want to concentrate on the indicators
of steroid misuse and be ready to counsel as needed to try to
resolve the issue.
Females, nevertheless, could undergo shrinkage of their breasts,
as a response to greater amounts of male hormone
than normal. Anabolic steroid use in females may trigger the voice to deepen and the clitoris to
enlarge. These results do not at all times reverse after stopping anabolic steroids.
Soon after testosterone was first isolated and synthesized in the laboratory in 1935, a quantity of synthetics had been created to
be used as medicines. The artificial varieties were developed as a end result of natural testosterone didn't
work very long when given as a tablet or injection (it is subject
to speedy breakdown within the body). Bodybuilders might have begun utilizing AASs to build muscle measurement and strength as early as
the Nineteen Forties.
Since each muscle or muscle group recovers sooner after being worked on, you can goal each
muscle far more often because these restoration times
are considerably shortened. That doesn’t mean overtraining or forgetting about all-important
relaxation and sleep, but you can match as a lot as twice as many exercises targeting a muscle group
into the identical interval. If you took a 5-day break after
working one part of the body, you would see this drop-down to only two or three days.
It’s not just the post-session recovery that may enhance
huge time, though. Restoration between units might be rather more efficient, permitting you to work out longer since you’re staving off fatigue.
This then brings on faster results as you match increasingly into
every workout28.
The endocrine system has a remarkable array of checks and balances that make sure the human physique is at or near
homeostasis at any cut-off date. Interruption of one feedback system has been proven to supply modifications in other
hormone suggestions systems through direct receptor changes,
as properly as through competitors for common enzymes and metabolic pathways.
Research have shown that AASs bind to glucocorticoid,
progesterone, and estrogen receptors and exert a quantity of results.
Discussions exist as to how the endogenous testosterone
and spermatogenic capabilities of the testes are inhibited
by means of testosterone and AASs.
For instance, teens who misuse these steroids could experience stunted growth.
It’s additionally possible for this age group to expertise
accelerated bone progress, which can then result in early onset osteoporosis.
Corticosteroids refer to either naturally occurring compounds produced by the
adrenal cortex or synthetic versions that mirror
their molecular construction. Corticosteroids act on the immune system by blocking the production of drugs
that trigger allergic and inflammatory responses.
Creatine seems to assist muscular tissues make extra of an energy supply known as adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
It's used for exercise that includes quick bursts of movement, corresponding to
weightlifting or sprinting. But there is no proof that creatine helps you do better at sports activities that make you breathe at the next price and lift your heart
fee, known as cardio sports.
For instance, a person could imagine that different individuals intend harm when no actual menace exists; or a person may
imagine that an unimaginable, life-threatening stunt
can be performed with no problem. The psychotic person may experience hallucinations, such
as listening to a voice that is not there.
Fortunately, most psychiatric results of AASs are inclined to
disappear soon after AASs are stopped, though a depressed mood might last for several months.
Obviously, when suicides, homicides, or legal penalties from assault have occurred, they can't be reversed just by stopping one's use of AASs.
SARMs are generally thought of safer than conventional steroids, as they aim particular tissues and often have fewer unwanted effects.
Mix that with a excessive testosterone dose and you've got a
recipe for catastrophe. Deca does have a bent to
be estrogenic and increase prolactin (why we now have the time period "Deca-Dick") so ensuring you handle these two is essential.
Anadrol will nonetheless cause testosterone shutdown, so utilizing HCG post cycle
can help with that. Anadrol doesn’t convert into estrogen, therefore why the desk mentioned that it’s not sensible to run it for too long.
It would most likely be because of the reality that Anadrol acts
like a progestin, which can have Anadrol have an effect on estrogen receptors directly.
You can get sturdy as all hell from these little tablets, however oh boy does it have unwanted effects.
Don’t get me mistaken, there are not any unhealthy medicine,
solely medicine getting used stupidly.
Anadrol will cause notable cardiac hypertrophy (enlargement of the heart), increasing the danger of coronary heart illness.
Out of all the anabolic steroids, Anadrol is among the worst from a cardiovascular perspective as a result of its unfavorable effects on hepatic lipase in the liver, contributing to drastic fluctuations in cholesterol.
Initial signs that anabolic steroids are being abused might embody rapid
weight acquire and unusual mood swings. Anadrol may have you gaining mass inside the first few weeks, and
simply how a lot is determined by your workouts, diet, and how
many cycles you’ve already done, but expect spectacular outcomes both way.
Tren will ship super lean muscle and strength features with out water retention and boosting nutrient effectivity.
By stacking compounds, you’re overlaying your bulking wants from
multiple angles and making certain gaps are stuffed by profiting from the different
properties and results of two or three completely different
steroids. Beneath are three examples of the best stacks to
attain immense gains in mass and energy utilizing
the best combination of steroids at the proper doses.
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-- [未验证] Antoinette (2025-11-01 10:09:07)
Such follow should be discouraged as a outcome of it
is illogical and produces possible unwanted effects such as cardiac abnormalities or
arrhythmia. Increased progestin motion at the mammary gland can additionally be impossible to be a
reason for AAS-induced gynecomastia. AAS do not increase progesterone levels and solely a select few demonstrate significant progesterone receptor activation (205).
Furthermore, no gynecomastia was famous in a 6-month hormonal male
contraception examine combining administration of testosterone enanthate with the potent progestin levonorgestrel (0.5
mg daily) (183). The testicular production of testosterone
is governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis (HPGA; see Determine 5).
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons of the hypothalamus secrete GnRH in pulsatile fashion into
capillaries of the hypophyseal portal system. GnRH binds to its receptor, the GnRH receptor,
on gonadotrophic cells of the anterior pituitary.
We have discovered that the addition of cabergoline, a dopamine receptor
agonist, has an inhibitory impact on prolactin. We have found selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) to be efficacious in lowering incidents of gynecomastia
on Anadrol. SERMs could be more advantageous than aromatase inhibitors (AIs)
for treating high estrogen, with AIs exacerbating cardiovascular health.
With Out PCT, you'll undergo from low testosterone symptoms, which could be life-ruining, to say the least.
Masteron won’t offer you estrogen pain and can lead to elevated free
testosterone, with customers often reporting enhanced libido as a result.
On the other hand, Masteron does have some androgenic downsides, so hair loss and attainable prostate
development can be issues, particularly when using Masteron for a longer term.
That takes us to Equipoise – this testosterone-derived steroid is a modified form of Dianabol.
Oral AAS again show unfavorable adjustments, persistently
rising LDL-cholesterol (38, 118, 121, 125, 126).
In the HAARLEM examine, LDL-cholesterol increased by 0.forty
five mmol/L compared with baseline (46). The mechanism of toxicity stays poorly
understood, however it has been instructed to result from AR activation in liver cells, leading to an elevated manufacturing of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (11).
Subsequently, AAS with adequate resistance to hepatic breakdown and efficiency to activate the AR are vulnerable to incur liver injury.
This is fairly nifty if you need to look ridiculously aesthetic on a bulk…and you occur
to hate water retention (the dangerous kind). Because Tren shifts water from exterior the muscle and relocates
it INSIDE the muscle cell, your muscle tone and definition will enhance
A LOT. If you use Trenbolone while bulking you’re going to have ridiculous
gains.
Anabolic-androgenic steroids, then again, usually are
not approved for medical use typically. However,
they are typically prescribed to deal with situations similar to delayed puberty and muscle loss because of HIV or different ailments.
Misuse of AAS can lead to a variety of opposed results, together with liver damage, cardiovascular problems,
and psychiatric problems. Bodybuilders who cycle anabolic
steroids have an elevated danger of nephrotoxicity (kidney toxicity), demonstrated by excessive creatinine levels.
During a 2010 case report, Dr. Leal Herlitz examined the kidney
function of 10 bodybuilders who had utilized steroids long-term.
These doses are much higher than those who well being care suppliers
use for medical reasons. Then there are
endogenous steroids additionally referred to as pure steroids, that are substances that naturally occur within the body.
These testosterone steroids work by increasing the production of testosterone to construct and repair muscle tissue.
Nonetheless, their uses far outweigh the constructing of muscle
tissue to include stress response, immune response, and carbohydrate metabolism.
Pure steroids are developed from vegetation or herbs of
the hormone testosterone. Whereas one could sound more natural, and
therefore more healthy than the opposite, in truth, each AAS drug sorts are equally dangerous.
Primo helps keep muscle mass on a cutting diet but is prone to
trigger comparatively high suppression at larger doses,
and that’s the point the place you’d also get the energy
and lean mass positive aspects. Primobolan is generally not considered the most effective sole compound for
this length cycle since you would sometimes want to use it for greater than eight weeks.
When you’re utilizing HCG during a cycle, you should cease it two weeks earlier than your known anabolic
steroid clearance time. It ensures once you start PCT,
steroids shall be cleared from the body, and your last HCG shot would have
been two weeks ago (this is that if your major compound is certainly one of the testosterone esters talked about above).
Testosteronology is more particular than Endocrinology, which deals with all hormones in men and women.
And it's completely different from Urology, a surgical specialty that
doesn't concentrate on the common medical features of
How to Find Reliable Dianabol Brands
androgens impact males.
These are a subclass of AAS, with a higher give consideration to male sexual characteristics rather than muscle-building.
Corticosteroids are used to deal with inflammatory
ailments, such as autoimmune conditions. Research demonstrates
that corticosteroid therapy for ailments corresponding to lupus
and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis dramatically reduces antibody levels.
For example, autoantibodies in lupus patients taking deflazacort dropped from
830.6IU/mL to 179.6IU/mL [12]. Totally Different kinds of steroid hormones are prescribed to correct deficiencies, reduce irritation, and enhance fertility.
Normally happens when the ovaries overproduce testosterone and other hormones.
Insulin resistance, overweight or weight
problems, irregular menstrual cycles, and excess body hair are typical indicators [9].
Nonetheless, it’s crucial to be aware that the shortage of intensive
analysis and data means we have no idea what attainable long-term complications using Cardarine could cause, especially at higher doses.
Exceptionally improved bodily performance is where Cardarine
shines. With Out the anabolic activity of true SARMs and steroids,
Cardarine just isn't a muscle progress compound. As An Alternative, it
has found recognition amongst athletes who want unbelievable
enhancements in efficiency, with a 2018 research displaying
Cardarine could deliver in this space.
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-- [未验证] Sidney (2025-11-01 09:29:57)
When you utilize steroids in just matter of weeks you
get recovered by accidents like muscle and ligament tear.
One Other crucial purpose for utilizing steroids by physique builders is that it reduces the ldl cholesterol within the
physique and retains you fit and fantastic. Anabolic Steroids are considered to be illegal in many locations and therefore it's higher to keep away from such
supplements.
If you feel like steroids are essential to assist you achieve your fitness or look goals, you must discuss to your physician. If you're already
using steroids, your physician may help you to cease utilizing them safely.
We additionally need to see peer‑led assist via trusted packages to teach individuals who use steroids around the dangers.
The programs must be primarily based in actual evidence, and developed by folks
with lived experience of steroid use, in partnership with researchers
and clinicians. For instance, one product labelled as testosterone enanthate (200mg/mL) contained 159mg/mL of trenbolone (a potent kind of steroid) and no detectable testosterone.
However they're more generally taken by folks seeking to enhance muscle size,
improve athletic efficiency, or elevate emotions of wellbeing.
– Aldosterone is probably the most potent androgen present in steroids, australia steroids.
It has confirmed to be beneficial in boosting muscle measurement, however has been linked to kidney damage,
sarm lgd-4033 legend one hundred twenty kaps.
It has been considered secure as a muscle builder steroid and often paired
with testosterone. It is recommended to take as much as
100mg per day, and there may be no medical justification for taking higher doses, finest sarm to gain muscle0.
Many people could expertise elevated vitality and moodiness,
and some might experience extreme muscle cramps.
Growth Hormone/HGH – Although it appears to don't
have any medical worth or medical functions, HGH has been prescribed in some medical conditions
as a treatment of GH deficiency.
Men may also experience breast growth and decreased testicle
measurement, while ladies may expertise clitoral enlargement and voice changes.
These bodily modifications can have vital implications for an individual’s overall
health and well-being. Anabolic Steroids and performance enhancing medication include many quick and long
term unwanted facet effects.
The World Anti-Doping Company (WADA) oversees anti-doping rules globally, banning all anabolic steroids in aggressive sports activities.
Athletes found using steroids face suspensions, bans, and reputational injury, regardless of native legal guidelines.
As we glance to the longer term, the regulation of anabolic steroids is likely to stay a fancy problem.
Anavar is a type of testosterone substitute remedy (TRT) that is authorized in Singapore.
It is out there as a prescription medicine, and it may be taken orally or
injected. The Australian Crime Fee suggested in 2015 that any
decrease in border interceptions might be the result of an increase in home manufacturing, coupled with increasingly easy accessibility to medication over the web.
If the outcomes are within the range 6.9–11.1 nmol/L, remedy may be thought-about if
there are signs and signs of androgen deficiency. In Australia, the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme subsidises testosterone (Box
4) 'on authority' for males with established pituitary or testicular disease.
The cause there are such a lot of choices is as
a end result of every steroid is catered to each of those particular targets.
The detrimental effects of those seemingly small increases in blood pressure shouldn't be underestimated.
Whereas it is onerous to estimate their impact on CVD threat, one may try to quantify it by looking
on the – well-researched – effects of blood pressure-lowering medication. Every 10
mmHg discount in systolic blood strain reduces the risk of main cardiovascular occasions, coronary heart illness, stroke, coronary heart failure, and
all-cause mortality by 20%, 17%, 27%, 28%, and 13%, respectively (95).
A persistent pharmacological enhance in blood pressure – similar to caused
by AAS use – may be alleged to have the inverse effect.
Some countries may move toward stricter policies, while others could adopt extra lenient approaches based on evolving medical research and cultural attitudes.
The globalization of sports and the affect of
international our bodies like WADA will proceed to form
how steroids are considered and regulated. The majority of nations don't contemplate it to be a prohibited substance, but some have positioned
restrictions on its use. Until extra is thought in regards to the drug’s
security and effectiveness, it might be greatest to
train warning when utilizing it.
References:
PedsElite
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-- [未验证] Natisha (2025-11-01 09:12:07)
The division has approximately 492 college students who're
distributed all through all governorates, including the West Financial Institution, Jerusalem, and Palestinians dwelling in the
occupied area of Palestine. Of these, 418 students were
enrolled in a bachelor's programme (75, 114, 112, and 117 within the
1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th years, respectively), while 74 had been enrolled
in a master’s programme. The sample dimension for this study was initially set at 216 utilizing the Raosoft digital pattern size calculator.
Though anabolic steroids are by far the most abused medication, quite lots of other performance and
image-enhancing medicine are generally used (2, 3).
These may be categorized as muscle builders, fats burners, pre-workout brokers and agents to
prevent or treat unwanted effects. Depending on the
character and dose of those brokers, additional opposed
well being effects could be anticipated. Comparable to AAS,
most of those products are illegally obtained and
their quality ought to be questioned.
Modifications in life circumstances and opposed health circumstances
were described as common triggers for adjustments in behaviour, together with the cessation of anabolic steroid use.
Prevalence of AAS use is higher amongst teams with particular traits similar
to professions where size or energy is an asset [206–209], amongst gay and
bisexual males [20, 22, 29, 210, 211] and people using or who've previously used other medication [212] [30, 33, 67, 212–214].
The Place a patient is receiving remedy, there might be a variety of things that affect the appropriateness of delivering
any type of AAS intervention or investigating another potential harms.
For example, in many of the research recognized, the people treated had discontinued their AAS
use a substantial time previous to looking for therapy.
In a study from our group (Pope et al., 2004), 20 (56%) of 36 AAS users
reported that that they had never disclosed their AAS use to any physician that that they had
seen. The associate choice take a look at is carried out by
putting the experimental male in a three-compartment apparatus.
A sexually receptive female is in one compartment and an ovariectomized sexually non-receptive female
is in the different compartment. The amount of time spent
in every compartment is measured (Everitt, 1990; Feinberg
et al., 1997).
Withdrawing from steroids can be incredibly tough, and the effects include headache,
tiredness, nausea, muscle pain, restlessness, poor sleep, low mood, low
sex drive, body dysmorphia and suicidal
ideas. They’re often utilized in mixture with different efficiency and image-enhancing medication (this is identified as "stacking")
as properly as medicine to counter the unwanted effects of steroids.
In Australia, steroids could be prescribed by a physician for medical purposes
like treating androgen deficiency (low testosterone) or as part of gender-affirming therapy.
Testosterone is responsible
Trenbolone for lean bulk
the physical changes that occur throughout male
puberty, and it regulates sperm production, bone health, muscle mass and intercourse drive.
However we additionally use the time period steroids when we’re talking about the man-made variations of these hormones.
The advice we are going to give subsequently is based on our
experience with AAS abusers over the past 10 years who offered with health problems.
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is regularly used to
start or keep spermatogenesis and endogenous testosterone manufacturing.
In 1990, the United States Congress handed the Steroid Trafficking Act (One Hundred First
Congress, 1990), acknowledging that AAS use had arisen as an necessary
substance use drawback within the Usa. Additionally by the
early Nineties, population studies began to document
widespread AAS use amongst college students in the Uk
(Williamson, 1993), South Africa (Schwellnus et al., 1992), and Scandinavia (Nilsson,
1995). It was not until the 1950’s, however, that athletes began to find that AAS might tremendously improve their
muscularity. Nonetheless, throughout the 1960’s and even into the 1970’s, AAS
use was confined largely to the elite ranges of sport. The efficacy of AAS remained a well-kept
secret amongst athletes; sports activities physicians and medical texts were still broadly proclaiming that AAS were ineffective for gaining muscle (Casner et
al., 1971; Haupt and Rovere, 1984; Wade, 1972). The environmental
context is another critical factor in figuring out whether or not an animal will reply aggressively
(Farrell and McGinnis, 2003).
In Any Other Case, a retrospective analysis of AAS
use must relaxation largely on individual stories, along with any forensic proof
obtained at the time. While taking high-dose AAS, he reported that he
felt "invincible," stating that "nothing could hurt me, and I did not need to bow to anybody." He additionally developed marked irritability.
As a strong supporter of President Trump, he grew to become infuriated with what he perceived because the left-wing bias of the
media. He coated his van with Trump stickers and
posters, and became more and more obsessive about left-wing "bias," to the purpose that he may think of little else.
He resolved to do one thing to scare or deter prominent people on the
political left.
It was also demonstrated that androgenic efficiency and metabolic resistance are positively linked to the
degree of liver harm [82]. The presence of apoptosis in brain areas of rats handled with long-term administration of nandrolone was
advised in a current research. In this regard, a
hyperlink between oxidative stress and NF-Kb signaling was described,
selling mind damage in specific areas, such because the hippocampus, striatum and frontal cortex [32].
Moreover, it was discovered that every day injections of stanozol in male adult rats for 28 days led
to histopathologic adjustments in the hippocampus by
activating apoptotic and pre-apoptotic cells [40].
Our sample indicated particularly high scores compared to beforehand reported findings
of the BPAQ amongst girls utilizing AAS [39].
Surprisingly, the typical whole aggression score identified among ladies who reported any AAS use
on this study was comparable with the scores reported by males who reported
any AAS use [15]). Notably, ladies demonstrated notably elevated scores on the anger and hostility subscales.
As AAS use is relatively uncommon amongst females, women who do use these substances might symbolize an atypical subpopulation with a larger burden of psychological misery relative to
men who use AAS, as has been beforehand instructed [18, 25, 40].
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-- [未验证] Will (2025-11-01 08:39:43)
Right now it is fairly bad; I shall be lucky to get
5-6 hours of sleep an evening as a outcome of I
get up completely drenched. Also, I have no idea for a proven reality that RAD-140 is
causing this impact, however it is something I have observed.
We typically discover that subjects report greater energy ranges
on RAD-140 than on LGD-4033. All SARMs appear to
have a suppressive effect on endogenous testosterone.
Nevertheless, RAD-140’s impact seems to be more pronounced than that of other SARMs due
to its efficiency. Some individuals might speculate that the RAD-140 (Testolone) utilized by this person is either not respectable or diluted, as there are not any vital outcomes noticed.
There is no obligation to enter treatment, and we don't receive any
commission or fee based mostly on which provider you
select. All calls are confidential, and the data on AddictionResource.com
is for informational functions only and never a substitute for professional medical recommendation.
For further therapy choices, visit the SAMHSA Remedy Locator.
Our writers and reviewers are experienced professionals
in medication, addiction treatment, and healthcare. AddictionResource fact-checks all the knowledge earlier than publishing and makes use of solely credible and trusted sources when citing any medical information.
Perceive that some patients could experience ED while some may not.
Earlier Than we walk you through the numerous transformation in individuals who have relied heavily on steroids to realize their body targets, allow us to first introduce you
to steroids. To obtain one of the best results, it is typically mixed with different bulking steroids
corresponding to Dianabol or Anadrol. Deca-Durabolin-only
cycles are unlikely to add this level of mass, with 20 lbs of muscle being the
more likely outcome, rather than 30–40 lbs.
We discover that this before-and-after transformation is typical of someone stacking Deca-Durabolin with another bulking steroid.
Stretch marks may be seen on his proper deltoid in the after
photo, indicating the speedy anabolic effects of Anadrol
and Deca.
It is a C17-alpha-alkylated compound, which primarily protects Anadrol from being deactivated by
way of the liver. This permits a very high amount of Anadrol to stay active in the bloodstream
when taken orally. Nonetheless, these outcomes are primarily based on excessive doses for extreme durations of time; thus, outcomes for
a bodybuilder shall be barely less, assuming a shorter cycle and a extra cautious dose.
Anadrol, also called A-bombs or Oxy’s, is predominantly used by bodybuilders in the off-season (when bulking),
significantly increasing muscular size and energy. Working a 1 to 1 ratio of take
a look at and eq goes to control, if not crash
most people’s estrogen.
They increase protein synthesis inside cells, which leads to the buildup of cellular
tissue (especially in muscles). Taking doses 10 to 100 times the quantity prescribed by doctors
for various illnesses promotes bigger muscles when the person also workout routines.
Trainers could have been the primary to amass
anabolic steroids for weight lifters, bodybuilders, and other athletes
who want more energy within the health club, corresponding to professional soccer
players. Their use is known as doping and banned by all main sporting bodies.
There is often a black market in countries where these drugs are classified as
managed substances. Primobolan is a renowned anabolic steroid recognized
for its varied advantages, together with lean muscle mass
development, elevated power, enhanced athletic efficiency,
and improved body composition. As with any steroid, it’s necessary
to match Primobolan with other anabolic steroids to know its distinctive characteristics
and advantages.
Temper swings, anxiety, and depression are widespread with steroid use, significantly
at larger doses. These results may be debilitating,
particularly for people already struggling with chronic pain or musculoskeletal problems.
A 2018 examine found that 30% of sufferers on long-term corticosteroids reported clinically important depressive signs.
Monitoring mental well being and offering psychological support must be an integral
a half of steroid therapy, particularly for these using them for muscle relaxation. The query of whether steroids relax muscles hinges on the
kind in query. Corticosteroids can indirectly promote rest by decreasing inflammation, while anabolic steroids focus on muscle progress, doubtlessly exacerbating tension. Neither
is a main treatment for muscle rest, and their use should be guided by medical necessity, not false impression.
I finished a 12-week Ostarine cycle, consisting of 20
mg/day, four weeks in the past. I’m proud of the outcomes; I gained about four kg and some good energy.
Ostarine appealed to me as a end result of it’s gentle, doesn’t trigger any excessively massive again pumps or shoulder pumps, and
I by no means felt shut down. A randomized managed trial
has shown Cardarine to have cardioprotective properties, increasing HDL
cholesterol levels (4) and thus probably decreasing increases in blood stress from Ostarine.
He believes Ostarine didn't assist him in accumulating muscle mass however likely
contributed to muscle retention throughout his cycle.
Inform your well being care supplier if you're breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed.
Your health care supplier will let you realize when you ought to stop breastfeeding or
cease oxandrolone. Inform your well being care provider if you are pregnant or plan to
become pregnant. If you turn out to be pregnant, cease taking oxandrolone immediately and contact your health care provider.
Earlier Than taking oxandrolone, inform your well being care supplier about
any prescription or over-the-counter (OTC) medicines, vitamins/minerals, natural merchandise, and different dietary supplements you are using.
Oxandrolone could make it exhausting for you to get pregnant
or get your partner pregnant. Do not take
oxandrolone unless it has been prescribed to you by a well being care supplier.
Shopping For from unverified sources must be prevented as a end result of increased risk.
This is methandrostenolone that’s produced in certified labs
by scientists for use in medicine. In order for bodybuilders to acquire such products, someone should get
them illegally imported.
Treating anabolic steroid abuse requires a well-rounded
strategy that tackles both the bodily and psychological
sides of dependancy. The first step is usually a medically supervised detox,
which helps customers stop steroid use safely while managing withdrawal symptoms.
This section is crucial for stabilizing the person and decreasing the chance of any problems from stopping steroid use abruptly.
As A Outcome Of it doesn’t convert into estrogen, you can take it without worrying about these unwanted effects.
This is why Winstrol is the steroid of selection amongst many athletes looking to maximize muscle mass,
power, and performance, without the bloating and fats
achieve that usually accompany other steroids.
The reduction of visceral fat is a novel attribute of
Ostarine, in distinction to varied anabolic steroids, which can enhance visceral fat.
References:
Como usar Clenbuterol na fase de prepara玢o para competi玢o
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�NJ奔��댣喉�ɡげㄞԫβo长�0
-- [未验证] Garry (2025-11-01 08:10:48)
Some of these unwanted effects might not go away, even when you cease taking it.
Oxandrolone might trigger bones to mature too rapidly in kids, which can restrict how tall
they develop. Your health care supplier can also do
X-rays to watch your child’s bone growth whereas taking oxandrolone.
Maintain all appointments along with your well being care provider to verify your child’s
growth throughout treatment.
These components, coupled with decreased medical surveillance, place the AAS abuser at high
danger for critical problems. AAS use also leads to suppression of clotting factors II, V, VII, and X, as properly as a rise
in prothrombin time. Another life-threatening, albeit uncommon, opposed impact
that's seen in the liver and typically in the spleen is peliosis hepatitis,
which is characterised by the appearance of blood-filled, cystic constructions.
As you can see, although, virtually all anabolic steroid
customers will stick with injecting their gear through
the muscle whereas leaving subcutaneous injections for those extra compounds that are sometimes used.
The lack of PCT requirement for females is one benefit ladies have over men when it comes to steroid use.
It’s essential to get their suppressed testosterone back in regular
working order. This is amongst the important benefits
girls have over males when utilizing these substances.
The authors speculate that these findings could replicate focal will
increase in myocardial collagen as a reparative mechanism towards myocardial mobile harm in the AAS
users - a potentially irreversible impact. A appreciable number of (former) AAS abusers looking for assist have mental problems.
Havnes et al. confirmed that psychological problems such as despair, anxiousness, behavioural
change and AAS dependence are reported much more regularly
than physical issues (20). By the affected person, these signs are
mostly attributed to hormonal disturbances corresponding to testosterone deficiency, however this will likely not always be the case.
It may be quite revealing to ask why a muscular physique is so necessary for the patient and
why he's even keen to make use of medicine for it.
Fats apposition, androgens in the chopping cycle shouldn't
be vulnerable to aromatization. Therefore, trenbolone, stanozolole and
drostanolone are sometimes considered slicing brokers.
Sure medical results and opposed reactions demonstrate the androgenic properties of this
class of drugs. Full dissociation of anabolic and androgenic results has not been achieved.
The actions of anabolic steroids are subsequently just like those of male intercourse hormones with
the potential of inflicting critical disturbances
of growth and sexual development if given to young children. They suppress the gonadotropic functions of
the pituitary and may exert a direct impact upon the testes.
Sure, anabolic steroids may be addictive, although they don’t create the identical instant excessive as drugs like
opioids or stimulants.
Most unwanted effects are reversible if you cease taking
the medication, but others could additionally be permanent.
In the occasion of a potential steroid overdose incident, please endeavor to contact 911 and
a poison control middle instantly. The toxicity ranges of steroids attain their peak in a matter of minutes.
You can also reach out to us when you think you may be experiencing the consequences of a
steroid overdose. You also can name to report an incident
of steroid overdose for a neighbor or beloved one.
Anabolic steroids are sometimes misused for non-medical
functions, such as accelerated muscle progress or elevated athletic efficiency.
Contemplating such roles of testosterone in male human growth and health, anabolic steroids
may be necessary instruments to help address sure circumstances of hormone deficiencies.
Anabolic steroids are medicines which are manufactured types of testosterone.
Although anabolic steroids are by far the most abused medicine,
a wide range of different performance and image-enhancing medicine
are generally used (2, 3). These can be categorized as
muscle builders, fat burners, pre-workout brokers and brokers to stop or deal with unwanted effects.
Relying on the character and dose of those agents, further opposed well being
results can be anticipated.
The oral bioavailability of AAS could be elevated by making the father
or mother molecule extra lipid-soluble by the esterification course
of described within the previous paragraph. This modification allows a larger fraction of the absorbed AAS
to enter the lymphatic system and bypass first-pass metabolism.
Nonetheless, even after esterification of testosterone by
an 11-carbon carboxylic acid group (undecanoate), oral bioavailability remains poor at 6.8%
(9). The formulation additionally reveals massive intra- and interindividual variation in bioavailability,
making it cumbersome for substitute remedy. To address this, testosterone undecanoate has just lately been formulated in a
self-emulsifying drug supply system (SEDDS) to further enhance lymphatic absorption and cut back intra- and interindividual variation (10).
Nevertheless, it needs to be dosed twice daily to take care of physiological testosterone ranges throughout the day.
An various strategy centers round considerably
retarding metabolism of the compound.
References:
PedsElite
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�NJ奔��댣喉�ɡげㄞԫβo长�0
-- [未验证] May (2025-11-01 08:05:48)
Many folks assume it is a waste to begin using steroids below age 30, particularly below age 25, because natural testosterone levels are so excessive during this time that you must be benefiting from it.
The elimination half-life of any drug or substance,
together with steroids, measures how lengthy it takes for a 50% reduction of the steroid concentration to remain in the blood
or physique. It will also let you know what’s occurring in your body
if you’re confronted with substance testing. The half-life
of a steroid remains the same no matter what your dosage is or how long you’ve
been utilizing it.
The potential for important hepatotoxicity from Winstrol necessitates comparatively brief cycles to stop excessive liver injury.
Winstrol, when stacked with additional oral steroids, increases the risk
of jaundice or liver cholestasis (impaired bile flow).
Phil Heath, former Mr. Olympia champion, states that
he used conservative dosages of Deca Durabolin and testosterone through the low season to help
him build muscle mass.
The firm manufactures popular anabolic steroids similar
to Testosterone Propionate a hundred, Anavar 10, Boldenone Undecylenate., and heaps
of extra. With over 200 years of experience in drug manufacturing, USP has a few of
the best standards in the world. Most importantly, the corporate uses rigorous research and expertise in its manufacturing activities.
As such, it has built belief with different public, making it the best place
to search out high-quality, legal steroids. Concentrex is a complicated and established anabolic steroid lab with many years of experience within the
sport. First, virtually all the company’s merchandise
are authorized and medically accredited globally. Secondly,
Concentrex produces secure merchandise which are free from dangerous artificial components.
Shopping For in bulk will prevent cash and ensure you will not have to
fret about working out and being tempted to reuse gadgets, risking
your well being. Syringes are low-cost gadgets, and stocking
up is simple, so you may have more than enough to last a very long time.
Injecting steroids for the very first time is a frightening task for nearly anyone who has accomplished it.
Even essentially the most seasoned professionals can in all probability assume back to
their first injection. The above examples are a guide only, and users
are inspired to formulate their cycle plan, together with modifying dosages and the cycle length
inside their consolation limits.
Assume of anabolic steroids, and the name Dianabol (Dbol) is often the first
to return to your mind. It’s lengthy been the most well-liked
and revered steroid, and for good cause. Anabolic steroids
are highly efficient in enhancing muscle mass and power however come with extreme physical and psychological risks,
significantly at the supraphysiological doses used illicitly.
Their use stays a major public well being concern, demanding additional analysis on long-term results and improved prevention methods.
Human Development Hormone (HGH), also identified as somatropin, is
a naturally occurring peptide hormone produced by the pituitary gland.
This quick-acting oral steroid also leaves the physique shortly, so you should take it day by day.
It must be used for no longer than 6 weeks, however even 4 weeks will give wonderful results at 50mg
daily. The higher the dose, the more severe unwanted facet effects might be, and it's recognized that something above 100mg isn't only presumably harmful however will not provide
any added advantages. It is an androgen and anabolic steroid medically used
for selling weight gain after sickness or harm, in addition to for different situations like osteoporosis and anemia.
Deca is an excellent choice for a protracted cycle where the body
is continually under stress and the place this compound will promote ligament, joint,
and bone health. You can typically inject Deca just as soon as
per week and keep secure levels.
Regardless Of the shortage of conclusive evidence, steroids customers will continue to hold the view that their effects are efficacious and
they are subsequently unlikely to be persuaded to curtail their use.
The evidence around whether anabolic steroids can considerably
enhance athletic efficiency is proscribed 8. But generally talking, there has been some analysis which has shown that individuals
who use anabolic steroids will expertise an increase in muscle power 9.
There is a dosage-dependent effect of anabolic steroids on muscle mass and strength sixty five, sixty six.
The dose-response curve for anabolic steroids has
not been clearly outlined, however male athletes and physique builders typically use mega dosages 28.
They also usually use quite so much of anabolic steroids concurrently ("stacking") or
sequentially ("cyclically") because of a
belief that these regimens are safer 28. With the exception of a
few elite feminine athletes and body builders, women seldom use
supraphysiologic dosages of anabolic steroid.
Bodybuilders who compete in pure federations or drug-tested events must be especially
cautious. Even if peptides usually are not explicitly listed, their
use could violate broader anti-doping guidelines.
While scientific analysis is still catching up, many bodybuilders
and athletes have embraced peptides as a half of their restoration toolkit.
Boards, anecdotal reviews, and personal testimonials typically describe
dramatic enhancements in therapeutic time, pain discount, and return to
coaching.
The identical holds true for global longitudinal pressure in nonhypertensive
people (218). The isovolumic relaxation time is also an unbiased predictor of heart failure within the common inhabitants (219).
Thirty-one men enrolled in the HAARLEM research have been subjected
to 3D echocardiography before, at the finish, and a median of 8
months after the start of their self-administered AAS cycles (97).
The potential nature, complete evaluation and lengthy follow-up make the outcomes of this trial notably fascinating.
Moreover, they aren't on the present record of prohibited
substances and strategies of the World Anti-Doping Affiliation, which could – sarcastically – be related for some AAS customers.
Alternatively, or moreover, calcium channel blockers are a most well-liked choice in athletes (98).
The major purpose individuals misuse anabolic steroids is to increase lean muscle mass when using them
along side weight coaching. Anavar, also called Oxandrolone, is a gentle anabolic steroid favored for its capability to promote lean muscle achieve and fats loss, making it well-liked in bodybuilding,
especially among women. However, it could nonetheless pose liver
toxicity and negatively influence levels of cholesterol,
demanding accountable utilization. Due to their muscle-building and strength-enhancing effects, androgens and anabolic
steroids are sometimes utilized by athletes and bodybuilders to
enhance efficiency and physique. However, their non-medical use is controversial
and banned by most main sports organizations.
References:
Οδοιπόρος κλενβ?
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�NJ奔��댣喉�ɡげㄞԫβo长�0
-- [未验证] Sylvester (2025-11-01 07:07:00)
Calls to any common helpline listed on this web site may
be answered or returned by a paid advertiser that could be a licensed therapy supplier.
There is not any obligation to enter remedy, and we do not
obtain any commission or charge primarily based on which supplier you
select. All calls are confidential, and the information on AddictionResource.com is for informational purposes only and never a substitute for
skilled medical advice.
Oral steroids can have a number of unwanted effects, some
of which may be severe. Some frequent side effects
embody weight acquire, mood swings, insomnia, elevated blood pressure, and elevated danger of
infection. Long-term use of oral steroids also can lead to extra serious issues, similar to
osteoporosis, cataracts, and glaucoma. The liver toxicity
of most oral steroids makes cycles longer than 6-8 weeks a nasty concept.
If you’re contemplating using anabolic steroids to boost muscle mass or athletic performance, it’s vital to recognise the potential for vital side effects and habit.
The safest route is to avoid anabolic steroids altogether, but when you resolve to
make use of them, there are steps to minimise
the unfavorable impact they will have in your well
being.
You can legally purchase these anabolics and not using a prescription or fear of
legal consequence. Nevertheless, it’s not commonly discovered like Anadrol, Dianabol, or Masteron, but it could be discovered.
You will not, nonetheless, discover the original Superdrol brand and anybody reporting to promote it is lying to you.
If they really have old bottles of true Superdrol, remember
it's going to have long since expired as it has not been manufactured
in a quantity of years. Stacking steroids refers to the practice of mixing multiple types of steroids during a specific period
or cycle.
The only major benefit Winstrol has over Anavar is that it’s considerably cheaper;
however, as a primary cycle, novices are beneficial to
put their well being first (instead of their wallet).
Because Dianabol is stronger than the other two steroids on this
listing, the above cycle can be carried out as a warm-up
cycle earlier than hitting higher doses. Beginners will achieve around
15 pounds with this cycle, which is lots of muscle for how modest the doses are.
Dianabol is not excessively harsh when taken in modest doses during a first cycle.
The main drawback of running this cycle is the increased endogenous
testosterone suppression post-cycle; nevertheless, this could
be corrected with an effective PCT. Thus, by containing different
esters, it's each fast-acting and slow-acting.
In real-life phrases, this implies it'll kick in quick,
require frequent injections (every 2 days), and
stay in your system for a lengthy time because
of the presence of decanoate. However, we find it takes a very lengthy time to peak in the bloodstream, with a half-life of 34 days (1).
Proteins that are concerned in breaking down muscle are downregulated, meaning much less of them are made.
When Anavar is used at dosages that meet the needs of bodybuilders, it does end in suppression of the HPTA (Hypothalamic Pituitary Testicular Axis), bringing about testosterone production suppression. The level of this
is thought-about fairly excessive and, as expected, rises the upper your
dosage of the steroid is. For this purpose, stacking a testosterone steroid
with Anavar is always best, and post-cycle therapy is critical to revive normal hormone
operate. Yes, all steroid cycles must be adopted up with post-cycle therapy to both retain your positive aspects and restore your regular
hormone function.
These section I metabolites may then endure conjugation into glucuronides and be subsequently excreted (26).
From sinus infections and hypertension to preventive screening,
we’re here for you. Good for newcomers seeking high quality muscle growth with minimal issues.
Extended use of anabolic steroids can put your cardiovascular health in danger.
Steroids can elevate the level of LDL cholesterol
and dangerous cholesterol, which can result in plaque buildup within the arteries.
This type of hepatic strain could be caused by milder steroids like Take A Look
At as nicely, due to this fact it's crucial for people using testosterone
oral steroids – or any other – to watch their liver health carefully.
Self-administered injections open up a gateway for infections and micro organism, one
which docs want individuals to avoid at all prices.
One of the most important reasons oral steroids for
muscle development were produced, is because not everyone is
eager on injecting themselves with a thick oil each week.
References:
Proteinshakes: Qualit鋞skriterien im Fitnessbereich
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-- [未验证] Hermine (2025-11-01 06:40:45)
This hormonal shift usually decreases muscle definition whereas rising the risk of bloating and gynecomastia (enlarged
breast tissue in males). Thus, controlling estrogen levels is necessary
for sensitive users to forestall the buildup of female breast
tissue. Some athletes take steroids in the
hopes that they may assist them run sooner, hit farther, carry heavier weights,
bounce larger, or have extra endurance. In the Usa, it is against the regulation to make use of anabolic steroids without a prescription.
Deca Durabolin (nandrolone) is a bulking steroid additionally able to adding notable amounts of muscle mass by enhancing protein synthesis and nitrogen retention in muscle fibers.
Deca Durabolin additionally commonly improves muscle fullness by increasing intracellular
fluid volume. Since testosterone is injectable, it is not a handy
anabolic steroid for some users. Nonetheless, this methodology of entrance allows it to succeed in the bloodstream promptly,
bypassing the liver, in distinction to C-17 alpha-alkylated steroids.
As a result, testosterone has minimal hepatotoxic effects, which have been documented in research (1).
Thus, the most effective steroid for first-time users is one which produces substantial muscle mass while exhibiting minimal adverse effects.
Moreover, novices generally refrain from stacking steroids in tandem as a result of more extreme unwanted facet effects.
To get the most effective from Primobolan, you do have to take higher doses, and this, of course, pushes the cost up additional.
In my expertise, these cycles have their place, BUT you better have an excellent reason for desirous to go in this path as a outcome of it won’t be without its downsides.
Frontloading Testosterone Enanthate can get
your blood plasma levels up to 500mg a lot quicker.
This entails taking a double dose of 1000mg on the primary day (or
no matter will be double the amount of your chosen common dosage).
By this time, there will be about 500mg of the primary dose
in circulation, getting you again to 1000mg.
They could be organic or inorganic compounds and work by killing or inhibiting the growth
of bacteria. The use of steroids should at all times be supervised by a
healthcare professional to ensure applicable dosages
and minimize the chance of unwanted effects. Widespread corticosteroids embrace prednisone, hydrocortisone, and dexamethasone.
The empirical evidence that the athletes viewed might have led to the event of distrust between the athletic and medical communities.
Science has been lagging a number of years behind the experimental practices of athletes.
These practices are frequent to the athletic group and never for the medicinal purposes of
anabolic steroid remedy. Testosterone remedy, including
bioidentical hormone alternative remedy (BHRT), is a medically supervised remedy aimed at restoring regular testosterone ranges to
enhance quality of life. Anabolic steroids, whereas similar in boosting
testosterone ranges, are primarily used unsupervised
for muscle mass and performance enhancement, often illegally,
posing important well being dangers.
Testosterone is a hormone naturally discovered within the human physique, but
it may also be prescribed as a medication within the form of testosterone
esters to help with symptoms of low T. Beneath the 1971 Act, anabolic
steroids can solely be bought with a doctor’s prescription. Shopping For testosterone supplements without a prescription is
towards the law and might result in legal charges. TRT is an permitted and safe approach to increase your serum testosterone
ranges. You obtain controlled testosterone doses and the supplier evaluates your body’s response to those doses
every so often.
They’re great for decreasing irritation and overactive immune response, however they
won’t serve you for muscle progress. Steroids have a powerful
anti-catabolic impact on muscles (after all, they're ANABOLIC steroids
– the other of catabolic). Stress hormones like
cortisol, naturally rising throughout intense train, contribute
to muscle breakdown and loss. For those with a medically recognized deficiency,
testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) could be a game-changer.
Administered under a doctor's steerage, TRT aims to restore testosterone to normal,
wholesome ranges, making certain the body features optimally.
Negative libido impacts are potential; dosage is often set at half of the
testosterone dose to fight this. Long-cycle testosterone
dosage will range from 200mg/weekly on the low end if you’re in search of HRT only… Up to 800mg
or even more on the top end when cruising on an extended cycle.
If you’re blasting, you’ll have a look at even greater
doses, however I’ll cover that in the brief cycle section below.
Steroids help boost your bone mineral storage content material
and enhance the hardness and strength of your bones.
When enterprise intensive bodybuilding and other train, your skeletal system comes beneath plenty of stress.
Enhancing and maintaining bone strength helps your frame support the burden you carry and the increased
muscle you will achieve. Consider scheduling an appointment
with WarriorMED to get your testosterone
levels checked and embark on a journey of well-informed health selections.
Aspect effects are simply managed, with no estrogenic sides, no
hair loss, and suppression is stored to a minimal.
As if that’s not sufficient, you will get away with no PCT and
often no want for any ancillary compounds. On the opposite hand,
you'll be able to take a look at Anavar-only cycles in addition to a deviation from utilizing testosterone as the first compound.
Anavar-only 6-8 weeks cycles could presumably be between 40mg
and 100mg daily dosing, with much less suppression than Dianabol.
Those genetically predisposed to male sample baldness can see this
creating prematurely as a outcome of increased DHT. Whereas not a well being concern, hair loss
can be distressing for young steroid users.
The addition of the thyroid hormone Cytomel in this advanced cycle assists in regulating metabolism and vitality.
References:
c髆o usar el peso libre en desarrollo de tr韈eps y b韈eps
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�NJ奔��댣喉�ɡげㄞԫβo长�0
-- [未验证] Joie (2025-11-01 06:20:12)
Corticosteroids refer to both naturally occurring compounds produced by the adrenal cortex or synthetic variations
that mirror their molecular construction. Corticosteroids act on the
immune system by blocking the production of gear that set off allergic and inflammatory responses.
If a decrease in libido or muscle strength is
not as a end result of any underlying medical conditions, your doctor
could counsel other methods to improve signs, such as
weight loss or resistance coaching workout routines.
BHRT successfully combats the decline of testosterone and DHEA and the resulting unfavorable results that may accompany it, such
as low libido, fatigue, decreased vitality ranges and muscle mass and extra.
DHEA, or dehydroepiandrosterone, is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands.
It serves as a precursor to testosterone and different hormones and plays an necessary function in immune perform, bone density and muscle progress.
DHEA has been proven to enhance temper, memory, vitality and stamina and helps
to lower the danger of osteoporosis.
Understanding your body’s estrogenic response is crucial in optimizing the effectiveness of the steroid you choose.
At Genesis Lifestyle Medicine, we provide patient-centric therapies that will assist you get back
to feeling your best. We are right here to help you perceive the distinction between testosterone remedy and anabolic steroids to make sure
you make an informed determination about your health and well-being.
Enlargement of the clitoris because of the presence of extra androgen hormones
is an alarming side impact but not uncommon in females who use high doses of potent androgens.
Females who select to make use of Testosterone, Dianabol, or other potent androgenic steroids will virtually at all times pay attention to and
even prepared to tolerate this aspect impact. Hair loss,
while it could additionally doubtlessly affect feminine customers, is primarily a priority for men who use steroids.
Winstrol’s simultaneous anabolic (muscle-building) and fat-burning effects are similar to trenbolone,
albeit less potent. Deca Durabolin causes a
particularly full, 3D look due to high levels of intracellular water retention filling the muscle cells on-cycle.
Hair loss is prone to accelerate because of DHT ranges spiraling
to high ranges, causing inflammation and damage to hair follicle well being.
Difficulty urinating can also turn into an issue because of an enlarged
prostate gland.
The best profit that TRT has over Steroids is that may
be a medical treatment that you just bear with a medical professional like a well being care provider or HRT clinic.
You also can make use of a TRT clinic that makes a speciality of Testosterone replacement remedy.
TRT is solely changing your own Testosterone with an exogenous
source by a medical skilled. Your tires have run their course, and
as with each other "car" available on the market, they'll eventually no longer work.
This is a authorized and sometimes needed procedure
and is finished for the aim of constructing you ordinary, to not enhance athletic efficiency.
Because the signs of low Testosterone might be exhausting to pinpoint, medical professionals would have to do blood
testing before beginning treatment.
AAS are predominantly bioinactivated in the liver, but also within the
kidneys and varied other androgen-sensitive tissues (25).
In common, phase I metabolism mainly entails discount at carbons 3 and
5 of the A-ring and oxidation of the hydroxyl group
at carbon 17 of the D-ring of the steroid nucleus (24).
These phase I metabolites would possibly then endure conjugation into glucuronides and be subsequently excreted (26).
In some instances, steroids may be used for the remedy of delayed puberty or the lack of
operate of the testes, this will likely result in a loss
of sex drive, also called libido. Your pituitary gland (which is
situated at the base of your brain), aids in regulating the production of testosterone and the secretion of it.
FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) and progress hormone (produced
by the pituitary gland) are amongst some of the hormones
that stimulate the function of the ovaries and testes.
It ought to be noted that most of the side effects of corticosteroids usually occur due to long-term (chronic
use) or in circumstances of overdose.
Prostate volume, as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), remained unchanged in response to graded dosages as a lot as 600 mg testosterone enanthate weekly for 20 weeks in healthy men (22).
The HAARLEM research did find a small but significant enhance in PSA levels at the
finish of an AAS cycle compared with baseline (from zero.71 μg/L to 0.93 μg/L) (39).
Two % of the themes exceeded the higher restrict of the reference
vary (2.0 μg/L). These results are seemingly at odds with the literature that reveals unchanged PSA ranges in response
to supraphysiological dosages of testosterone enanthate.
Additionally, some research means that train may lead to a minor improve in PSA levels (89),
although resistance train specifically has not been researched.
It’s essential to notice that corticosteroids ought to only be used under medical supervision, with
careful consideration of the benefits and dangers. The dosage and duration of use ought to be
decided by healthcare professionals to reduce potential side effects.
The cause why this is extra generally skilled when injecting trenbolone is as a outcome of it’s an irritant to the lungs, just like how cayenne pepper is an irritant to the skin. Injectable steroids are administered
deep into the muscle, often known as intramuscular injections.
Orals are also hepatotoxic, that means they will stress the
liver, as indicated by ALT and AST liver enzymes shooting up (1).
Some bodybuilders aren’t overly worried about this aspect effect, contemplating
the liver often repairs itself post-cycle and has highly
effective self-healing properties. We discover many newbies are reluctant to utilize injectable
steroids due to a worry of needles, injecting incorrectly,
or simply being inconvenient. Masteron won’t have a tremendous amount of unwanted
effects, however some individuals have reported hair loss
to be prominent whilst on Masteron. HGH does have side
effects, similar to decreased insulin sensitivity, water retention,
and maybe carpal tunnel syndrome.
They are identified for his or her balanced risk-benefit profiles, making them
a few of the finest steroid with least unwanted effects.
Primo is known as one of many least impactful Steroids identified to man and has typically been in comparability with Anavar (Oxandrolone) in phrases of side effects.
Positive, Primo does have side effects like hair loss, testosterone shutdown,
and so on, however it’s far much less unhealthy than other injectable Steroids.
In basic, the long-term effects of
Performance enhancement concerns
-enhancing medication have
not been studied enough.
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�NJ奔��댣喉�ɡげㄞԫβo长�0
-- [未验证] Christoper (2025-10-31 18:14:54)
He completed this with Dianabol’s androgenic rating of 60, compared
to testosterone’s 100. Dr. Ziegler noted that
the Russian athletes had been experiencing androgenic
unwanted effects through the 1956 Olympics (in Australia)
when he found out they had been experiencing issue urinating.
This was due to enlarged prostates attributable
to the excessive conversion from testosterone to
DHT.
Nonetheless, with Anavar’s fat-burning results and muscle features being retained post-cycle, there could
be not a fantastic need for most individuals
to make the most of Anavar all 12 months round. However, if a person predominantly desires to burn fats on Anavar, then a small
calorie deficit may be applied to speed up fat loss while
aiding muscle retention. Cardiovascular exercise, or HIIT (high-intensity interval training), may
also be utilized to speed up a user’s metabolism whereas offering cardiac benefits.
Calorie intake ought to be tailored to a user’s aims when cycling Anavar.
Due To This Fact, if Anavar is taken with the intention of bulking and gaining lean mass, then a small calorie surplus may be adopted to enhance muscle and energy outcomes.
In our expertise, customers generally discover an enchancment in physique composition inside the first two weeks.
Regardless Of the above protocol being effective,
DHEA is the official medical therapy prescribed to ladies for low androgen levels.
At Present, a dose of 15–30 mg per day is standard for bodybuilders eager to experience significant modifications in muscular strength and size.
If bloating or water retention becomes excessive, users should lower
the dose or discontinue use. Alternatively, trenbolone is
another choice for skilled customers as it does not
aromatize.
Still, if you’re one of the unlucky ones with genetics working in opposition to you, then you can anticipate to be coping with
a few of these well-known steroid unwanted effects brought on by Winstrol’s androgenic
exercise. Anticipate to get much leaner whereas retaining your existing muscle weight.
Winny and Tren mixed (with zero water retention) present an unmatchable
shredded, dry, and hardened physique, with extra muscle probably gained than Winny alone (depending in your diet).
Due to Winstrol’s substantial liver toxicity (including the injectable version), we need to be cautious
when stacking it with any other C17-alpha alkylated AAS and restrict the cycle to only a few weeks.
The easy fact of the matter is that you simply can't probably construct as rather more pure, as you can with anabolic steroids.
If a well being care provider recommends steroids on your
situation, it’s necessary that you simply consider the benefits and risks rigorously and
only take them as prescribed. By No Means share your medicine with others, and all the time report unwanted aspect effects to a healthcare professional.
For most steroids, you are looking at a few weeks, which is why you should stick to a really helpful cycle size based on which AAS you’re going
How to Prevent Paresthesia When Taking Beta-Alanine
use.
Many individuals suppose it's a waste to begin using steroids beneath age 30, significantly
beneath age 25, because natural testosterone levels are so excessive during this time that
you have to be making essentially the most of it.
The androgenic side of a few of these steroids can lead to masculinizing unwanted
effects, which is why advanced users goal to make use of steroid varieties that have more highly
effective anabolic effects and decreased androgenic effects.
It is a killer combo, with Primo included, due to the
quality positive aspects it delivers. You won’t be placing a lot dimension on with this stack, but it’s perfect for slicing.
Arnold is presumably demonstrating the everlasting effects
of steroids throughout old age (via the method of muscle memory).
This is methandrostenolone that’s produced in licensed labs by scientists to be used in drugs.
In order for bodybuilders to acquire such merchandise, someone should get
them illegally imported. This is normally from Thailand, as Dianabol continues to
be used there for medicinal functions (it’s not at present
utilized in drugs in other countries, such as the US,
anymore). This means some dealers are promoting placebos but labeling it as actual Dianabol.
Some compounds that have to be incessantly injected embrace Winstrol and
Testosterone Suspension. Apart From frequency, some of
these compounds are well-known to be notably painful to inject.
The most typical muscle injection websites are those of the
bigger, stronger muscle tissue like the thigh
and buttock. Over time, you would possibly develop a preference for which muscular tissues you inject in relying on which
compounds you’re utilizing and the ache level. It’s important to get their suppressed testosterone again in normal working order.
It just isn't typically beneficial for beginners because it is very fast-acting, so it has an immediate effect on the
physique as a substitute of gradually coming into the bloodstream.
Almost each single injectable anabolic steroid, aside
from a choose couple, has undergone a course of often recognized as esterification. The means of esterification refers to
a chemical reactioRead More...
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