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《长城概念的认定方法——兼谈《长城保护条例》的适用对象》

　　　　　The identification method of the Great Wall concept-holds the applicable objects of the Great Wall conservation regulation
作　　者：张依萌
　　　　　中国文化遗产研究院，100029
出　　处：传承与展望：威尼斯宪章发布50周年学术研讨会论文集 文物出版社
发表时间：2014-00-00
文　　摘：
本文通过对几种长城认定标准，以及对当前长城概念的主要争论进行分析探讨，提出了认定长城概念的方法问题，并将长城的概念划分为两个层面。第一层面的长城认定，以学术研究为目的，这一层面的长城概念属于历史文化的范畴。历史文化层面的长城，应该包括中国历史疆域内用于政权之间防御的古代线性军事工程。其构成包括城墙及墙体设施、壕堑、关堡、敌情侦查与预警系统、辅助防御设施。
第二层面的长城认定，则以长城的保护管理为目的，这一层面的长城则属于文物的范畴。保护管理层面的长城概念，应当涵盖中华人民共和国境内的长城资源。包括现存的古代或近代修建的线性军事工程遗存及相关设施、与之有密切关系的历史城镇和村庄、地理环境等共同构成的文化与自然遗产。
关 键 词：长城 认定标准 历史 管理
正　　文：
一、长城的认定标准问题
现有研究对于长城的认定，并无明确统一的标准，或以文献记载；或以遗迹的建筑形态；或以功能为依据；或同一定义中，几种标准兼而有之。
首先我们认为，尽管历史文献是长城概念的渊源，但长城的认定，不宜以文献记载为标准，因其 ……
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参考文献：
① 李学勤等.清华大学藏战国竹简(贰)[M]上海：上海文艺出版集团、中西书局.1936(1).
② 成大林.大清王朝与边墙[J].万里长城.2012(1).
③ 黑龙江省长城资源调查队.黑龙江省长城资源调查工作收获体会[A].同19:p77.
④ 内蒙古自治区长城资源调查队.内蒙古自治区长城概况及保护工作报告[A].同上:p59.
⑤ 吉林省长城资源调查队.发现与探索——吉林省长城资源调查总览[A].同上:p72.
⑥ A•А•科瓦列夫、Д•额尔德涅巴特尔.蒙古国南戈壁省西夏长城与汉受降城有关问题的再探讨[J].内蒙古文物考古.2008(2).
⑦ 张士尊.明代辽东路河考[J].东北史地.2008(5).
⑧ 第二届历史古迹建筑师及技师国际会议.关于古迹遗址保护与修复的国际宪章(威尼斯宪章)[R].威尼斯.1964.
⑨ 联合国教育、科学及文化组织保护世界文化与自然遗产的政府间委员会.实施世界遗产公约的操作指南[R].巴黎.2007.
⑩ （清）许荣等.甘肃通志•卷三十[M]：镇绥将军潘育龙“捐赀修复嘉峪关七层城楼”.台北:台湾商务印书馆.1986.
本文由志愿者：【火箭人 】收集整理上线。
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