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《“土木之变”与明蒙使者往来》

　　　　　A Study of "The event of Tumubuu" and Contacts between Ming and Mongol Emissary
作　　者：姑苑玛
　　　　　内蒙古大学蒙古学研究中心，内蒙古呼和浩特010021
出　　处：蒙古学集刊 2009年第4期
发表时间：2009-11-18
分 类 号：K248
文　　摘：
正统年间，明蒙通使往来达到了一个高峰。正统末年，反剌也先发动了对明战争。明英宗在土木堡（今河北省怀来东）被俘。事变发生后，明蒙围绕此事，频繁遣使弥缝，力图挽回局面。虽事变给明蒙关系带来的阴影长时间挥之不去，但双方的使者为顺利解决事件发挥了重要作用。
关 键 词：土木之变 使者往来
正　　文：
　　从洪武初年始，明廷就采取军事征服和政治拉拢相结合的策略，以军事与经济实力为依托，不断地向蒙古派出各类使者，执行各种使命。终明之世，明蒙间的使者交通虽然层次有高低，往来有疏密，但一直没有中断过。
　　宣德而后，瓦剌势力在蒙古高原取得了绝对 ……
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参考文献：
注释

①王雄：《关于阿台汗》，载《蒙古史研究》第五辑，内蒙古大学出版社，1997年。据宝音德力根考证，阿台可汗在位时间应为1410-1437年（宝音德力根《15世纪中叶前的北元可汗世系及政局》，载《蒙古史研究》第六辑，内蒙古大学出版社，2000年）。

参考文献

[1]明实录[M].景泰四年冬十月成戌，台湾中央研究院历史语言研究所，1962.
[2]张庭玉.明史[M].卷328，《反剌传》，北京：中华书局，1974. 8499.
[3]陈子龙辑.明经世文编[M].卷十九，胡逢《论虑情疏》，北京：中华书局，1962.
[4]明英宗实录[M].景泰三年闰九月丙戌.
[5]明英宗实录[M].正统七年二月乙即，十年十二月丙寅.
[6]明英宗实录[M].正统七年正月癸未，九月乙丑，九月庚辰；白翠琴.从经济交流看反刺与中原地区的关系[A].中国史学会成立大会纪念集刊[C].中国蒙古史学会编印，1979.
[7]明史[M].卷327，《I达黎传》.
[8]明英宗实录[M].景泰元年七月癸亥；[清]谷应泰.明史纪事本末[M].卷之三十三，《景帝极守御〉〉，北京：中化书局，1977;李实.北使录[A].明代蒙古汉籍史料汇编[C].第一辑，内蒙古大学出版社，1993.
[9]明英宗实录[M].景泰元年七月己巳、庚午，八月壬申、辛巳、丙戌、癸巳；明史纪事本末[M].卷之三十三，《景帝登极守御》.

收稿日期：2009-11-18;

基金项目：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地内蒙古大学蒙古学研究中心基地重大项目（批准号08nD85()214);

作者简介：姑甚玛（1970—),女，蒙古族，内蒙古通辽市扎鲁特旗人。内蒙古大学蒙古学研究中心助理研究员，博士，主要从事蒙古历史研究。
本文由志愿者：【火箭人 】收集整理上线。
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