| |
长城文献资料库 分类浏览：学科 地域 发表时间 年代 作者 期刊 排行 最新评论 最新更新最新评论| 文献标题 | 评论者 | 评论内容 | 评论时间 |
|---|
明代宣大总督研究
马静茹 | [未验证] Stephan | 砭�ɣ：ķ�ꦯ�督Ґ究 …… 长
Physical and psychological stressors are rising shortly in sports activities as athletes compete for
recognition and victory, while training can sometimes
push human capacities to their limits. If your use of anabolic steroids is affecting your well being,
household, relationships, work, college, financial or other life conditions, or
you’re concerned a few loved one, you can find help
and support. Zits tends to seem along the chest, face,
neck, back, and arms in response to high doses of steroids, based on the DermNet.
The chest is the most typical area, and steroid acne tends to be more
uniform than ordinary pimples.
To avoid pain and irritation, rotate your injection sites every time, and
don’t inject into the identical muscle without letting it get well.
Totally Different supplements will work for you compared to what works for other
guys, however most people will need to take these dietary supplements for the entire 12 months.
However not simply one thousand energy of something; clearly, you will need to focus on how much protein you’re
taking and the quality of that protein. Protein intake ought to be round 1mg per 1 pound of
body weight as a information, however hardcore guys will typically
double that. 50mg every day of Clomid (20 days total), and include half mg per day of Arimidex, which continues for an additional
week (27 days total). Again, follow the 1 Vial Testosterone Cycle above and substitute the Check with Deca.
The cycle runs for less than eight weeks, sufficient for Deca to work to its most impact.
So, it can be finest to have your strategy of injecting intramuscularly right down to a T and
really feel assured about what you’re doing. Steroid users
will often use this kind of injection when using different
types of compounds like HGH, peptides, HCG, and insulin. Subcut injections usually are
not as suited to oil-based options as most steroids however work properly with water-based
compounds. There are three established methods of administering injections from a medical perspective.
They constantly monitor all the achievements within the subject of sports pharmacology and, if needed, with pleasure will prompt you
which steroids ought to be used in each specific case.
Anavar (oxandrolone) is a very popular anabolic steroid
amongst women and men. Regardless Of its excessive market value, it is often coveted due
to its versatility. The only draw back that we see with Winstrol,
in regard to body composition, is that it can generally deflate the muscular tissues
because of its lowering glycogen ranges.
Too often, we expect we’re getting enough calories, but
we’re not, and any deficiency will kill your outcomes when on gear.
With Out this constantly excessive protein intake,
growth shall be restricted, and steroid use shall
be considerably wasted since you won’t get the
specified outcomes. It’s not simply protein you’ll be planning out – carbs and fat are just as crucial.
Every man could have a unique bulking goal, ranging from wanting relatively delicate positive aspects to most mass features utilizing the most potent compounds.
Most will still need to take a naked minimal of a thousand additional energy daily.
Your food intake will rely upon what you goal to
get out of your cycle, with two broad classes being bulking or slicing.
Nonetheless, some guys may have a special outcome in mind, and the food regimen needs to be tailor-made in direction of this
– notably in phrases of whether or not you’ll be gaining mass or wanting to get leaner by the
top of the cycle.
Anabolic steroids are medicine that resemble the chemical construction of the sex hormone testosterone, which is
made naturally by the physique. Testosterone directs the body to make or
improve male characteristics, such as elevated muscle mass, facial hair growth, and deepening of the voice, and is a
crucial a half of male growth during puberty.
We do our greatest to fulfill the calls for of the greatest variety of customers who
want anabolic steroids for building muscle mass or for slicing and
energy cycles. We cooperate immediately with the leading manufacturers of
anabolics, which is confirmed in our prices. All the anabolics online
that you can purchase from us are utilized by athletes and bodybuilders around the world.
If this does happen, the syringe should be completely withdrawn from
that space and injected elsewhere. The examine discovered
that blood was aspirated, indicating a vein was pierced by the
needle; however, the user continued to inject. Within one minute, shortness of breath was experienced as a
outcome of oil within the bloodstream. IV injections are used in medical
situations, undertaken in hospitals under strict hygiene conditions,
and carried out by medical professionals. Syringes are low-cost
objects, and stocking up is easy, so you may have greater than sufficient to last a long time.
After all, we are merely utilizing medical provides when administering steroids.
Elevated progestin action on the mammary gland is also very unlikely to be a
cause of AAS-induced gynecomastia. AAS don't enhance progesterone levels and solely a
select few reveal important progesterone receptor activation (205).
Furthermore, no gynecomastia was noted in a 6-month hormonal male contraception examine combining
administration of testosterone enanthate with the potent progestin levonorgestrel (0.5 mg daily) (183).
Some AAS users self-medicate with phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors similar to
sildenafil to counteract erectile dysfunction (65).
In general although, the DHT derivatives which might be mostly leveraged by athletes are Primobolan, Masteron, Anavar and Winstrol, they usually all share related overlapping
effects on body composition and performance.
While that could be a compound ideal for someone seeking maximum hypertrophy with
a relative lack of androgenic side effects like hair loss, in this scenario the other is what we would be capturing for.
In basic, this class of compounds facilitates a center ground level
of muscle growth, neurological results, and enhancement of aerobic
mechanisms.
References:
PedsElite
| 2025-11-01 11:56:44 | 美国哈佛大学汉和图书馆藏《边城御虏图说》研究
尚珩 | [未验证] Willis | ʐ豣�Ā�銻����汉
For girls who're confident sufficient with their
earlier steroid experience and really feel prepared to mix multiple steroid in a
cycle, a extra advanced cycle may be undertaken. This cycle
aims notably at cutting or fat loss and is useful for contest
prep, where attaining a Gain Lean Mass and onerous physique is the objective.
Every woman could have a different tolerance concerning how a lot negative effect she is prepared to cope
with. The most hardcore feminine bodybuilders could have
a high tolerance for more extreme unwanted aspect effects
and may not even be overly bothered by this. However,
suppressing the event of male traits as a lot as potential for many different girls shall be a high precedence during the cycle.
This is the place getting the dosage right could make all
of the distinction, and so will minimizing cycle size.
Females who use steroids are at threat of considerable physiological adjustments.
This is the pure consequence of placing much larger amounts
of testosterone or comparable male hormones into
the female body. These are two-weeks on, three-weeks
off, two-weeks on, and four-weeks off cycles. Short-acting and fast-working compounds on a short cycle will present small and gradual gains over time.
Compounds embody orals, Testosterone Prop, Trenbolone Acetate, Masteron Prop,
and NPP.
To run a PCT cycle using Raloxifene, have a glance at my in-depth Raloxifene PCT information. If the person’s aim is bulking to add huge muscle mass progress,
they can select Dianabol, Anadrol, Testosterone, Deca Durabolin, and Trenbolone.
If the person’s goal is for a chopping cycle to eliminate extra physique fat, they
will choose Anavar, Winstrol, Clenbuterol, Primobolan, Equipoise, and Cytomel T3.
Metabolites are what stay of the steroid after the process of metabolism, the
place the steroid’s unique chemical construction breaks down into smaller molecules.
Long-term metabolites mixed with long-term storage of samples also contribute to retrospective drug
testing capability. Using advanced isotope-ratio mass spectrometry,
smaller hint quantities of metabolites could be detected faster than within the past46.
The extra superior scientific analysis methods now
available made this potential – and it sends
an alarm out to anybody who thinks a negative result now means you’re in the
clear eternally. One of the most important financial risks of
buying for steroids is whenever you don’t obtain them; you either obtain fakes
or get nothing. However by sticking with known, respected, and trusted sources, you need to be succesful of remain assured that you simply won’t be throwing
money at scammers or counterfeiters.
This class of drugs inhibits the enzyme PDE5 which breaks down cGMP – the second
messenger molecule answerable for conveying the signal of
the cavernous nerve to induce an erection (195). PDE5 inhibitors
are the mainstay drug in erectile dysfunction treatment and are typically tolerated well, offering satisfactory
results. Side effects embrace headache, flushing, dyspepsia, nasal congestion,
dizziness, transient irregular vision and cyanopsia (specific
to sildenafil), and again ache and myalgia (specific to tadalafil) (196).
While these medicine are generally already acquired by AAS customers
from the black market, they might be prescribed to patients suffering from erectile dysfunction which is
either natural or psychogenic in nature.
In the HAARLEM examine, a transient small improve in serum creatinine concentrations of
unknown medical relevance was noticed during AAS use (from 93.1
μmol/L (1.05 mg/dL) to ninety seven.eight
μmol/L (1.11 mg/dL)). Creatinine concentrations returned to
baseline after cessation of use. Albuminuria, as measured by dipstick
evaluation, emerged or elevated in 16% of the topics (155).
In these receiving 1-androsterone, serum creatinine ranges increased considerably from 97.three μmol/L (1.1 mg/dL)
to a hundred and fifteen.zero μmol/L (1.3 mg/dL).
The general medical results, nevertheless, are crystal clear – initially the muscle-building effect pursued by AAS customers.
Extra latest well-designed trials continued to supply further support for the potent muscle-building results of AAS that had already
been acknowledged by athletes for decades (15, 22, 35–38).
The most complete platform for cycle planning with real-time visualization,
dosage monitoring, and academic sources. Real pharmaceutical-grade Testosterone Cypionate will sometimes price greater than that from underground labs, but few of us will say it’s
not price the additional value. The standard pharmaceutical dosing per 1ml vial is 250mg/ml, typically costing round
$15. When you don’t have access to any sources of
pharmaceutical grade Testosterone Cypionate, underground labs are sometimes the
only other possibility if you intend to buy your steroids instantly quite than through an area contact.
Any regulators or authorities does not approve these labs,
so there is not any oversight on the quality of the
facilities the place the steroids are being manufactured (or their ingredients).
The best and most pure high quality Testosterone Cypionate you can get is pharmaceutical grade.
These are steroids purchased illicitly, without regulation or high
quality management. Such products aren't guaranteed
to be genuine or comprise the exact dose specified on the bottle.
Any supplement taken to scale back a patient’s coronary heart rate might cut back fat loss, as the thermogenic
impact is blunted. Clenbuterol could elevate users’ heart charges to high ranges and cause cardiac hypertrophy (enlargement of the heart). | 2025-11-01 11:56:30 | 夏至战国中国北方长城地带游牧文化带的形成过程（论纲）下
林沄 | [未验证] Shelia | –›V：Єׁս�꼃�北方�
The 10 Scariest Things About Robot Vacuums & Mops Robot Vacuums & mops | 2025-11-01 11:56:28 | 中国早期长城的考古调查与研究(1)
赵化成 | [未验证] Jacquelyn | ֔化�ɣ�א�굠�长�ǵĿ脊&#
Perfect for chopping cycles, first-time users, or these needing a efficiency
increase for occasions or short-term goals. Apoptosis, which is a type of programmed cell
death, has additionally been linked to the injury brought
on by anabolic-androgenic steroids (AASs) [19, 20, 21]. Research have proven that supraphysiological concentrations of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AASs) can induce neurotoxicity by involving the apoptotic course of and neurodegeneration [20].
Anavar only produces moderate will increase in lean mass;
hence, why it’s used for chopping. Its capacity to burn subcutaneous fat
is surpassed by few steroids as a result of its profound impact on T3
(triiodothyronine) ranges.
Steroids are performance enhancing medication, so, if you are keen on breaking the regulation to considerably improve your muscle constructing capabilities, go ahead.
Steroids have been created to deal with medical sufferers
who had been suffering from muscle-wasting diseases corresponding to
HIV/AIDS. They had been engineered to have as
few unwanted side effects as possible, however nonetheless have fairly
a couple of unwanted aspect effects such as suppressing Testosterone levels, hair loss, and prostate most
cancers [2]. Steroids, as synthetic substances, are categorized as controlled substances in plenty of countries.
Their non-medical use is illegal and can end result
in severe legal consequences. However, there are authorized loopholes and underground markets where people can obtain steroids without a prescription.
The androgenic to anabolic ratio is necessary
in determining the clinical functions of the substances that exert an anabolic effect.
The compounds that are used in medical functions ought to be diminished with the androgenic effect
when offering anabolic treatment. The concern of anabolic steroids and bone development has been examined in both younger and grownup populations.
Androgens are bi-phasic in that they stimulate endochondral bone formation and induce progress plate
closure on the end of puberty. The actions of androgens on the expansion plate are mediated to a
big extent by aromatization to estrogens (Vanderschueren et al., 2004; Hoffman, 2002).
Anabolic steroid use leads to vital elevations in estrogens thought to impact premature
closure of the growth plate.
At high doses, AASs can have an antiestrogenic effect due to down-regulation of androgen receptors and competition with estrogens for their receptors [15].
When contemplating testosterone remedy or steroids, it’s essential to know the crucial variations between these two substances.
Whereas each may contain related hormones,
their makes use of, dosages, dangers, and benefits are vastly different.
TRT is a medically supervised treatment that restores normal
testosterone ranges and improves quality of life, whereas anabolic steroids are
often abused to reinforce muscle mass with severe well being risks.
In the search for optimum health and well-being, understanding the important
thing differences between testosterone substitute therapy (TRT)
and anabolic steroids is crucial.
HGH prompts your liver to create a development hormone referred to
as insulin-like progress factor-1 (IGF-1). This promotes cell regeneration and progress, not directly supporting muscle development and growing vitality.
Whereas misused for aesthetic purposes, each substances have reliable
medical purposes. Synthetic HGH is used as alternative therapy to treat progress hormone deficiency in kids and adults.
Doctors prescribe testosterone remedy to deal with men with clinically low testosterone levels.
While these medication are commonly already acquired by AAS customers from the black market, they may be
prescribed to patients affected by erectile dysfunction which is both natural or psychogenic in nature.
A referral to a sexologist is suggested for those in whom a psychogenic trigger is
likely – which is widespread in our experience. AAS are mostly administered by intramuscular
(i.m.) injection or by oral ingestion.
However, laws regarding its use for non-medical reasons, like anti-aging, vary from state to state.
Practically one-third of people who misuse anabolic steroids turn into dependent on them.
That means over time it begins to take larger and more
frequent doses to get the same results. "Pyramiding" is one other sort of anabolic steroid utilization people try to prevent harmful side effects.
It’s clear from our dialogue right here that they each serve completely different functions and
carry different implications for health. The greatest difference
between testosterone replacement remedy and steroids is the dose
used and the top goal. Therefore, users will retain nearly all of muscle they achieve from steroids (if they continue to carry weights and
train). If users stop lifting weights and
experience muscle atrophy, should they resume coaching
in the future, the physique will restore the previous muscle
dimension in a matter of weeks. Trenbolone has an androgenic ranking of 500, indicating
its potent nature in this regard.
Since the discovery and synthesis of testosterone within the Thirties, AAS have been used by physicians for lots of functions, with various degrees of success.
By using hormones which may be similar to the body’s naturally occurring hormones, BHRT supplies a safe and efficient method to
restore hormonal balance in males. Actually, testosterone restoration appears to observe pretty related timelines, no matter
which nandrolone you choose. It’s actually nearly when you
probably can truly begin your restoration protocol. With NPP, estrogenic effects can present up fairly quickly—sometimes within the first few weeks.
References:
Clenbuterol Safety Precautions
| 2025-11-01 11:56:14 | 杨一清事迹几个问题的研究
何兆吉 | [未验证] Adrianna | �ϕ�Үһȥ˂迹几��9
In my expertise, these cycles have their place, BUT you higher have an excellent purpose for desirous to go on this path because it won’t be without its downsides.
Corticosteroids are another well-known group, but corticosteroids
have totally different medical uses29. They’re great for lowering inflammation and overactive immune response, however they won’t
serve you for muscle progress. Knowing in regards to the half-lives of steroids24 will contribute significantly in the direction of your
success whereas using each compound! Half-life is a scientific concept that's utilized to
all types of medication and substances, whether
it's steroids, prescription drugs, or nutritional vitamins
(and more). After you’ve taken a steroid orally or by injection, the steroid travels by way of your bloodstream (at a pace controlled by an attached
ester, if one exists) and to the muscular tissues.
It’s one of many dearer steroids, so if money is tight, this could be one you’ll should skip in a long cycle.
To get one of the best from Primobolan, you do
need to take greater doses, and this, of course, pushes the cost up additional.
Alternatively, injectable Primobolan (enanthate) is usually
used and is usually dosed at around 300 mg/week. This cycle combines a milder anabolic and a harsher one, but it
produces beneficial outcomes in phrases of anabolism and lowered fats mass.
Primobolan is considerably androgenic (roughly half of testosterone), so oily skin, zits, and hair loss are potential.
To keep away from such resistance, antibiotics ought to contain benzoyl peroxide, which is
ready to additional cut back inflammation. Despite this
5-AR enzyme being current, Dianabol has a low affinity to convert to DHT.
Thus, hair loss from taking Dianabol alone is not a standard concern in our experience.
A Number Of of the above have been proven to be efficient in restoring regular HPT axis perform
and thus growing endogenous (natural) testosterone back to regular levels.
Some research have shown milk thistle to be effective at lowering inflammation and reducing liver enzymes,
particularly in these suffering from acute hepatitis.
Some bodybuilders will even use this drug as a type of on-cycle and post-cycle therapy
as it’s a fantastic anti-estrogen drug.
Is an oral steroid that is used primarily for chopping
which makes it one of many top fat burning steroids. They
are usually administered immediately into the realm requiring
remedy, corresponding to a joint or an inflammatory region of tissue.
One of the benefits to injectable steroids is that they'll present focused
reduction and have fewer unwanted side effects than different types of
corticosteroid medicines. With tablets or tablets that
present an immediate dose of lively compounds into the bloodstream upon ingestion. In Contrast To Anadrol,
which causes results inside the first few days of a cycle, Deca and liver health, with its long
esters, is slow-acting.
For males, typical dosages vary from 20 to 100 mg per day, with 50 mg
being a typical start line for these new to Anavar use.
It’s essential to note that greater doses enhance the chance of unwanted facet effects without necessarily offering proportional benefits.
The use of anabolic steroids in bodybuilding can include severe health dangers, including liver injury, coronary heart illness, hormonal imbalance, mood issues,
and reduced libido. It Is crucial to seek the guidance
of with a healthcare skilled earlier than beginning a
steroid cycle. Anavar emerges as one of the mildest, but efficient, oral steroids available on the market.
You must run an extended cycle with Equipoise due
to its long half-life of about 15 days, resulting in a slower onset of effects within the early stages.
This is certainly one of the milder steroids and one which males will see little profit in utilizing for muscle features, but the
potential for girls is totally different. Females on Primobolan will
discover its anabolic effects excellent, with impressive lean positive aspects and reduced
body fat – precise outcomes will depend in your food plan and exercises.
After you gain some experience utilizing a selected steroid, you’ll get
a good suggestion of if you really feel the benefits reducing.
You’ll then be able to plan your cycles more exactly to gain most benefit from every steroid.
Hundreds of hundreds of individuals have already worked out the easiest way to make
use of them, so there’s little reason to try to reinvent the wheel.
This hormonal shift usually decreases muscle definition whereas growing the
risk of bloating and gynecomastia (enlarged breast tissue in males).
Thus, controlling estrogen levels is necessary for delicate customers to forestall the accumulation of
feminine breast tissue. For those new to utilizing anabolic steroids,
Primobolan is commonly considered one of many safest choices for
beginners. Its mild nature and decrease threat of side effects make it a beautiful selection for these seeking to expertise the benefits of steroids with minimal adverse reactions.
You will see strength gains in the first few days of
a cycle; many users will discover adjustments on the primary day.
That’s how briskly Dianabol starts to kick in, primarily if you take
your dose a couple of hours before a workout. You’ll discover more wonderful pumps
and total higher efficiency during training.
If Anavar is the main steroid you want to use, you’re nonetheless almost certainly going to stack it with a minimum of a form
of testosterone as a testosterone replacement throughout your cycle.
This does mean you’re utilizing Anavar basically as
a pre-workout steroid. In my expertise, this is the best way to make use of Anavar because we don’t need
(or even want) to take care of consistent levels of this liver-toxic steroid
(no matter how mild) 24 hours a day. So, while these are two
important benefits of Anavar, they aren’t the only ones.
Even if slicing is your primary reason for utilizing Anavar,
you’ll get many other optimistic effects that can solely add to your positive aspects and overall
results. Power, endurance, stamina, and restoration are all enhanced with Anavar.
Anavar is among the few compounds I can confidently say is suitable for novices, intermediate, and advanced users.
Participating in common train, significantly resistance training, can help keep muscle mass and power
features. A complete strategy to PCT and restoration is essential for minimizing the
negative penalties of steroid use. Anadrol, nonetheless,
may be very well-known for its very harsh hepatotoxicity, which might be explained in greater detail
shortly. Anadrol’s chemical modifications and chemical construction (including its
C17 Alpha Alkylation) makes it very resistant to hepatic breakdown (liver metabolism).
This is amongst the only a few anabolic steroids that's virtually universally used orally. | 2025-11-01 11:55:55 | 天田与土河
吴超 | [未验证] Jame | Ϣ超：ͬͯԫ�Ѡ…… 长�Ȑ�&#
Whereas these are very helpful for athletes, the downside of Equipoise is its long detection time of five months.
Primobolan may help you achieve that hardened, ripped look with no water retention. Preserving muscle tissue is a
important good thing about Primobolan, as it stops you from changing into
catabolic while your chopping diet is a calorie deficiency.
Primobolan increases energy, restoration, and muscle endurance so that it will contribute
positively to your exercises. Primobolan is most
dear when utilized in a slicing cycle with enhanced nitrogen retention, serving to
to retain muscle and the potential for wonderful fats loss via lipolysis.
One of the a number of medical circumstances this steroid was used to deal with was AIDS because of Primobolan optimistic effect on the immune system, making this a unique trait of this steroid.
The findings counsel that persistent high-dose use of anabolic steroids
induces morphological mind adjustments, including cortical
atrophy and amygdala hypertrophy (Bertozzi et al., 2019).
These structural alterations are linked to anxiety-related behaviors, doubtlessly mediated by mechanisms involving corticotropin-releasing issue and elevated GABAergic inhibition within the central amygdala and
mattress nucleus of the stria terminalis (Bertozzi et al., 2018).
Furthermore, extended use of anabolic steroids has been proven to modulate the expression of serotonin receptors,
leading to a discount in serotonin activity within the CNS (Seo et
al., 2008). This alteration in serotonin signaling additionally impacts the release of different neurotransmitters, together with acetylcholine within the hippocampus
and dopamine within the prefrontal cortex. These adjustments in neurotransmitter dynamics are implicated within the manifestation of aggressive habits (Bertozzi et al., 2018).
AAS use in the general population is linked
to illicit drug use, prescription misuse, bodily training,
and lower training ranges.
Different short-acting testosterone preparations include these that are designed to be administered by the sublingual or buccal route.
Such short-acting formulations are of specific concern in sport, because the exogenous supply of testosterone is quickly eliminated following cessation of therapy.
Elevated out-of-competition testing helps to fight the cheat who is using short-acting preparations and ceasing administration previous to competitors in anticipation of testing.
It is of interest that an illicit preparation referred to as ‘The Cream' was designed for transdermal application (see
the section ‘Designer steroids'). This is a creating area
and the comparative importance of many of those coregulators is yet to be established for any
particular cell sort, let alone their relative in vivo
significance in examining tissue differences in androgen motion. It is envisaged that genetic manipulation of the mouse will help in elucidating their physiological relevance.
Testosterone is irreversibly converted by the enzyme 5α-reductase to 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which binds with greater affinity to the androgen receptor (AR), or by aromatase to oestradiol, which binds to the oestrogen receptor (ER).
AAS bind to androgen receptors, promoting muscle development
by increasing protein synthesis and promoting the growth hormone-insulin-like growth issue 1 axis.
Injectable forms of AAS have extended half-life because of esterification, whereas oral AAS face decreased bioavailability because
of first-pass metabolism. Adverse effects of AAS embrace
cardiovascular, endocrine, neuropsychiatric and dermatological points.
Anabolic androgenic steroids intake may end up in suppressing gonadotropins, resulting in reduced sperm concentration, testicular dysfunction and hypogonadism, which might result in decreased libido and
erectile dysfunction. AAS use is widespread as a result of their ability to enhance
Brutal Force Muscle Builder development for aesthetic functions and athletes’ efficiency, minimizing
androgenic effects. AAS use could be very well-liked and 1–3% of US inhabitants have been estimated to be
AAS users.
This is partly facilitated by the co-localization of the AR and β-catenin within the cell
nucleus; further, β-catenin preferentially binds to the
AR over a number of different steroid hormone receptors including those
of estrogen, progesterone, and glucocorticoids (22). B-catenin’s role as a coactivator of the
AR causes a compelled overexpression of β-catenin to reinforce AR-mediated
transcription (22). This signaling through the AR has additionally been noticed to work together with Notch signaling
(22).
As such, efforts have been made to complete gonadotropin suppression by adding progestins.
Whereas the addition of a progestin leads
to virtually undetectable gonadotropin levels, and consequently to azoospermia or extreme
oligozoospermia within the overwhelming majority of males, a small percentage of males stay probably fertile (183, 184).
One reason for this may be that the low intratesticular testosterone ranges derived from the circulation proceed to stimulate spermatogenesis
in some men (180). In the HAARLEM study, nearly all subjects had undetectable LH and FSH ranges during AAS
use. However, only two-thirds of topics had been azoo- or oligozoospermic at the finish of their
cycle (176). There was no affiliation between the period
of the AAS cycle and the diploma of suppression of spermatogenesis.
Artificial AAS were developed in the 1930s (David et al.,
1935; Wettstein, 1935) and by the Nineteen Fifties, supraphysiologic-dose AAS were broadly used by elite athletes (Kanayama et al.,
2008, 2010; Pope et al., 2014a). By the 1980s, such use had unfold to the overall Usa (US)
population. Supraphysiologic-dose AAS are used nearly completely by men (98% of users) looking for to reinforce muscularity.
Accordingly, this review focuses totally on the results of supraphysiologic-dose
(non-medical) AAS exposures in males, although some of the results we focus on are
immediately relevant to AAS-nonusers and to girls. The use of AASs to counteract muscle and bone
loss is supported by a growing by body of evidence exhibiting
a constructive impact of AASs on muscle mass, strength, and
bone metabolism.14,15,sixteen,17 The purposes of AASs associated to the
sphere of orthopaedic surgery have been historically limited.
Finally, gene transcription could also be modulated
by these ‘non-genomic' pathways but a well-recognized exception is the rapid elevation of
calcium ion inflow by a pathway that's confined to the cytoplasm.
It is not currently recognized whether or not non-genomic actions of androgens at physiological concentrations are important in skeletal muscle development, not to mention what the non-genomic effects could additionally be evoked by the administration of
anabolic steroids. For the sake of brevity, this evaluation will only very briefly contact once more on non-genomic pathways beneath ‘Behavioural Effects' (see the part ‘Behavioural
mechanisms'). The systematic doping program of the previous German Democratic
Republic (GDR) supplied evidence of anabolic steroid and amphetamine use in female athletes (Karila, Kerlan, Christin-Maitre, 2024).
In the 1970 s, GDR athletes were given anabolic steroids to enhance performance.
Their dominance at the 1976 Montreal Olympics, winning
11 of 13 swimming occasions, raised suspicions
due to atypical physical traits like deep voices and
broad shoulders, typical indicators of steroid-induced masculinization.
Anyone who wants to use them, whether or not for medical reasons or to enhance their performance in sports activities, needs
to know these variations. Beginning with testosterone as the only anabolic steroid in your
first cycle lets you start with probably
the most important steroid of all, which will test your body’s tolerance and reaction to
steroids in a brief time. After all, if you experience antagonistic effects
in a fundamental testosterone-only cycle, then there is a larger probability of adverse reactions to the numerous different steroids on the market,
lots of that are derivatives of testosterone.
If testosterone is not included in every cycle,
signs of low or no testosterone will occur not only while you’re utilizing steroids but
in addition after your cycle ends, as nicely as
it takes a while for pure production to begin rising again. Post-cycle therapy can also be a
crucial space that may contribute to getting your pure
testosterone ranges back on monitor after a steroid cycle. Facet
results to anticipate with this steroid include testosterone suppression, gentle
negative influence on cholesterol, and comparatively low threat of androgenic effects in males like hair loss and acne.
Equipoise has a low degree of estrogenic exercise, so these unwanted
aspect effects should be easy to manage.
Halotestin and Turinabol aren't substrates for aromatase so Testosterone,
Dianabol and Boldenone are the one compounds in this section of the anabolic steroid household tree
that can fill the role of a "Test base" and be used as the foundation of a steroid cycle.
These three compounds are characterised mainly by their broad spectrum effects on anabolic and androgenic dependent capabilities, as properly as their interplay with aromatase.
Expectedly, lots of the anabolic steroids in each family have related attributes to 1 another.
The organic hallmarks of a torn rotator cuff are muscle
atrophy, fatty infiltration, and intercellular fibrosis of the
muscle-tendon unit and are important prognostic factors for treatment.109,a
hundred and ten,111,112 Latest studies with AASs have
tried to deal with this underlying pathophysiology. In sufferers on concomitant anticoagulant remedy, this increase could cause bleeding.
AASs cause increases in hemoglobin and hematocrit
and are used in many cases of anemia, though the clinician should
pay consideration to the potential for polycythemia. | 2025-11-01 11:55:35 | 夏至战国中国北方长城地带游牧文化带的形成过程（论纲）下
林沄 | [未验证] Preston | –›V：Єׁս�꼃�北方�
Automatic Vacuum Cleaner And Mop Tools To Help You
Manage Your Daily Life Automatic Vacuum Cleaner And Mop
Trick That Every Person Must Know Automatic Vacuum Cleaner | 2025-11-01 11:55:19 | 西平亭考辨
巢生祥 | [未验证] Erick | 巢ʺЩ：Ϸƽͤ考�䠡� 长�Ȑ
Although, after all, the AAS user is not
going to necessarily disclose his use of AAS or current with unwanted side
effects caused by it. This evaluation therefore offers a comprehensive overview of this class of hormones’ fundamental pharmacology and unwanted effects.
It stays debatable whether or not or not physicians ought to medically target unwanted effects of
AAS use.
How a lot you acquire and maintain after each cycle will come down to personal elements, however even a 5-10lbs maintainable acquire from every cycle will accumulate over the years.
The time scale of 10 to 12 weeks makes it possible to combine just about any compounds with totally different length esters, essentially allowing you
to tailor either a bulking or slicing cycle in accordance with your private goals.
A week commonplace cycle ought to offer you two cycles annually with enough recovery time in between. Long-cycle testosterone
dosage will range from 200mg/weekly on the low end if you’re looking
for HRT only… Up to 800mg or much more at the top finish when cruising on an extended cycle.
If you’re blasting, you’ll look at even greater doses, however I’ll cover that
in the quick cycle part under.
Serum creatinine levels are generally used to estimate the glomerular
filtration fee (eGFR) utilizing formulation such
because the Continual Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation (157).
The eGFR is an efficient and impartial predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and kidney failure in a
variety of populations (158). Nonetheless, it must be appreciated that the accuracy of the equation is predicated on the idea that
serum creatinine ranges precisely reflect the GFR
– which is doubtful on this particular population. Creatinine is,
for essentially the most half, a product of the spontaneous nonenzymatic
degradation of creatine (Cr) and creatine phosphate (PCr) (159).
The overall conversion rate for the total Cr pool (Cr + PCr) is (almost) fixed and approximately 1.7% day by day.
Whichever type of Winstrol you take, the really helpful cycle size is 4 weeks,
with six weeks being the utmost. Winstrol is sort of a potent steroid; therefore, females don’t require large
doses to see exceptional results. Preserving your dosage of
Winstrol as little as attainable will present the twin reward of wonderful outcomes mixed with minimal side effects
(potentially allowing you to get away with zero facet effects).
Primobolan is one other steroid derived from DHT, which
is relatively female-friendly at lower doses. They should allow you as a female user to
avoid androgenic unwanted effects of a virilizing nature.
You are inspired to report negative unwanted effects of prescription drugs to
the FDA. Anabolic steroids are usually injected into a
muscle or taken by mouth as tablets, but they also come as creams or gels which are utilized to the pores and skin. Several experimental studies focused
on the mechanisms concerned in neuropsychiatric effects of AASs.
The pathways and the molecular processes are nonetheless unclear and must be clarified [121,122,123,124].
However you can use this steroid up to weeks at low doses
– keep watch for these virilizing symptoms over that size of
time, significantly if you’re taking a dosage at the higher end of the vary above.
The beneficial cycle length is in the 6-8 week range for greatest results while
minimizing virilization threat. If it’s your first Anavar cycle, six weeks at 5 to 10mg is a perfect introduction to this steroid.
You can start at 10mg for the primary six weeks, then boost the
dose to 15-20mg for the final two weeks to ramp up your outcomes.
One of the principle equipoise steroid advantages is its capacity that will
help you pack on critical muscle mass. This mixture, usually called a boldenone and testosterone cycle or eq and
take a look at cycle, is popular because it maximizes muscle growth while minimizing
unwanted effects. Looking to the future, there’s
still much to study concerning the long-term psychological effects of steroid use.
As analysis continues, we might gain new insights
into how to better handle and mitigate these results.
Perhaps we’ll develop new methods for harm discount or discover ways to harness the advantages of steroids whereas minimizing their psychological drawbacks.
First and foremost, if you’re considering utilizing steroids
or are currently utilizing them, correct medical supervision is absolutely essential.
A healthcare skilled can monitor your bodily and mental health, adjusting dosages and
awaiting warning signs of psychological distress.
Research have discovered that this steroid can be utilized to help treat muscle-wasting diseases, in addition to
conditions affecting the bones like osteoporosis. Those who use
this steroid can potentially add as a lot as 30 kilos
of muscle to their frames with one cycle. By combining these two, also recognized as a check equipoise or eq and check cycle, you can achieve spectacular muscle progress.
Customers can probably achieve as a lot as 30 pounds of muscle with a 12-week cycle of this drug.
If you wish to transform your physique, Equipoise is a very popular steroid that is reported utilized
by numerous pro bodybuilders across the globe.
A frequent check and eq cycle would possibly embrace take
a look at e and eq cycle or even a boldenone testosterone cycle.
Some athletes take steroids within the hopes that they may help
them run faster, hit farther, raise heavier
weights, bounce higher, or have extra endurance. In the United
States, it's against the legislation to make use of
anabolic steroids with no prescription. "The elevated threat of cardiovascular disease is considered one of the most critical penalties of steroid use," says
Sean Byers, MD, a medical adviser in Los Angeles for Well Being Report Stay.
According to a study published in Drug and Alcohol Dependence,
teenagers who use the medicine during puberty are
prone to endure extra extreme cognitive long-term results of steroids.
Research reveal that anabolics affect the areas of the brain that regulate studying and feelings.
Therefore, teenagers on anabolics might turn into
noticeably more aggressive and distracted. Problem regulating one’s emotions and concentrating would possibly persist after the
individual stops using the medicine. Melancholy may be
significantly extreme in the course of the period of abstinence when an individual
stops utilizing the medicine abruptly.
References:
M閠hodes d’administration du clenbuterol pour femmes
| 2025-11-01 11:55:17 | 萨尔浒战役前后之后金与明朝、朝鲜关系探析
王臻 | [未验证] Jame | ε֩：ɸ�ﲅ�ӛǰ��
Steroids are chemicals, often hormones, that the body
makes naturally to help organs, tissues, and cells carry out
routine activities. Anabolic steroids are synthetic hormones (man-made variations of testosterone) that assist the body within the
development and restore of muscle tissues.
They imitate the male intercourse hormone, testosterone and are sometimes prescribed to boys with delayed puberty, males with
low testosterone ranges (an average male has approximately 300-1,000 ng/dL), and
individuals who lose muscle mass because of cancer, AIDS, and other well being circumstances.
Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are commonly used amongst each aggressive athletes and leisure
athletes so as to achieve a performance edge. Sadly, AAS usually carries a broad
range of quick time period and long term opposed results.
These embody endocrinological abnormalities, cardiovascular risks,
psychological points, and largely opposed results on every
organ system in the human body.
There is not any restriction on the possession of these substances when they're a part of a medicinal
product and are for self-administration. Nonetheless, prosecutions of intent
to supply have been made of individuals found in possession of large portions
of these substances and not using a prescription for them.
A Home Office licence is required for importation and exportation of anabolic steroids,
except in instances of small portions for respectable purposes.
Ergogenic makes use of for AAS in sports, racing, and bodybuilding as performance-enhancing drugs are controversial due to their antagonistic results and the potential to gain advantage in bodily competitions.
In international locations the place AAS are managed substances,
there is usually a black market in which smuggled, clandestinely manufactured or even counterfeit
drugs are bought to customers.
Although nearly all customers additionally report adverse effects, these are principally expected, delicate and transient and don't outweigh the useful effects (3).
Likewise, being able to afford an ‘enhanced lifestyle’ (e.g., intensive training routines, particular vitamin, non-public well being checks,
and so on.) was seen as a protective issue against adverse results.
One participant famous that the need to hunt non-public services deepens the inequalities in users’
entry to healthcare, probably increasing the risk of antagonistic effects.
Proficiency in the efficiency of basic workout routines
was thought-about an indicative of when somebody would be "ready"
to make use of anabolic steroids. AAS addiction is mostly thought-about to be a psychic addiction, however the withdrawal effects that happen when AAS use stops clearly point out a component of bodily habit as properly.
A Quantity Of studies have shown that the withdrawal symptoms embrace
despair, fatigue, paranoia, and suicidal thoughts and emotions.
[53] Furthermore, a powerful desire to proceed abusing AASs exists even in the face of adverse consequences; thus,
the medication are continued to be able to provide a continuation of their perceived positive effects and to inhibit withdrawal results.
ND considerably increased MYOG mRNA expression post-injury in grownup
male Wistar rats (30). ND considerably re-established
MyoD expression in response to a hindlimb unloading
situation in grownup mice (3). Equally, ND induced a significant improve
in MyoD mRNA expression seven days post-injury in adult male Wistar rats and a primary impact to
increase after 14 days in eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice (30,
38). However, ND administration had no constant effect on MyoD
abundance in four-month-old male Fisher 344x F1 Brown Norway
rats or expression in a normal situation not treated with flutamide in normal mice (25,
33).
Yet there's constant proof that AAS can immediately induce direct pathologic modifications
to the heart [9]. Particular knowledge regarding AAS might help physicians extra accurately screen this affected
person inhabitants, particularly given many of the unknown long term side effects.
In conclusion, this research confirms within the medical literature previous recommendations that
injectable testosterone, artificial AAS, non-AAS hormones,
and other adjunctive therapies are simply bought over the Internet and delivered to
a consumer’s home with out the need for a prescription. Likewise, this
examine additionally confirms that almost all of AAS obtained over the Web are manufactured
by unregulated worldwide pharmacies of unknown quality or content.
The majority of information provided by sites promoting AAS is geared toward
emphasizing the advantages with little acknowledgement of the chance
with AAS use. Subsequently, it's of paramount significance that clinicians
are aware of this considerable drawback given the known vital detrimental results of these agents, together
with long-term infertility and sexual dysfunction. The rising use of
AAS regardless of age, gender, or intended use is a major public well being problem, affecting over 1% of the us inhabitants (Pope et
al., 2014).
If gonadotrophins, testosterone levels and testicular quantity are
normal, obstructive azoo- or oligospermia should be suspected.
If gonadotrophins and testosterone levels are
low, and different causes of hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism are
explored and rejected, the wait-and-see policy ought to be
continued for 6 extra months. If hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and oligospermia persist,
spermatogenesis and endogenous testosterone manufacturing can be stimulated by administration of hCG
1500 IU two to 3 instances weekly. Assuming that spermatogenesis has been normal in the pre-AAS
interval, hCG is efficient in restoring spermatogenesis and endogenous testosterone ranges to regular ranges (25).
The speed of restoration of endogenous testosterone manufacturing relies upon totally on the
kind and dose of the anabolic steroids used within the last part of the cycle.
Relying on the kind of fatty acid chain connected to the steroid, the plasma half-life after injection may be weeks or
months (6). Taking into consideration that the administered doses are many times the natural endogenous production, it
might take many weeks earlier than exogenous androgen levels
are low sufficient to permit endogenous testosterone manufacturing to ignite (9).
He reported that on AAS, he felt that nobody may hurt him,
and that he never even thought of that there would be any consequences.
It is widespread for men utilizing AAS to make the
most of injectable AAS for 8–16 weeks at a time, often referred to as a "cycle".27 "Stacking" refers
to the use of a number of AAS/PEDs throughout a cycle. A
cycle is commonly adopted by a period of weeks to
months where users both decrease their AAS dose or abstain utterly to
permit restoration of their hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular (HPT)
axis.23 Additional AAS nomenclature is on the market in Table 6.
Physicians caring for both adults and adolescents must be alert to the signs
of AAS abuse and educate patients about its risks.
Education about AASs should begin by the beginning of center college, using
packages that teach alternative, wholesome methods to increase muscle dimension and enhance performance via good nutrition and weight coaching strategies.
Presenting both risks and advantages of AAS use seems to be a simpler way to
educate adolescents concerning the unfavorable effects of illicit steroid use.
A well-known complication of AAS use is infertility, because of the suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG)
axis and subsequent suppression of spermatogenesis within the testes.
Cessation of AAS use can restore spermatogenesis, however restoration can take a quantity of months to years
(1). Many of those patients are of their prime reproductive years,
and relying on components such because the age of the female associate
and variety of youngsters desired, there could also be a robust want to restore fertility as soon as possible.
To match the AAS users commitment to heavy strength training, we targeted men with bench press
capability of one hundred twenty kg (~ 265 pounds) for no much less than one repetition, with one hundred kg (~ 220 pounds) because
the minimum inclusion criteria. Recruitment strategies involved
outreach via various web boards, social media platforms, and local gyms in Oslo.
In the present research we aimed to evaluate vascular operate via both
CAR% and FMD, hypothesizing that extended AAS use detrimentally influence vascular health, resulting in diminished CAR% and
FMD. Facet results of creatine can embody gaining weight and cramps within the belly or muscular tissues.
The physique turns andro into the hormone testosterone and
a form of the hormone estrogen. For a more elaborate explanation of how I would method my first steroid cycle and every subsequent cycle thereafter
if I could go back in time, I highly recommend you read my article that particulars what I consider to be clever dosage titration and "stacking"
practices.
Related results were reported by Krieg et al. who noticed a decreased Em/Am ratio on the basal part of the interventricular septum in a small group
of AAS-using bodybuilders in contrast with steroid-free energy athletes and sedentary controls (216).
Em/Am ratio is the ratio between the velocity of the
myocardial wall during early diastole (Em) and
late diastole (Am), and a lower in this ratio is indicative of diastolic dysfunction. LDL-cholesterol
is mostly unaffected by injectable AAS corresponding to testosterone enanthate (up to 600 mg weekly) (15,
34, 37, 119–121) and nandrolone decanoate (up to 200 mg
weekly) (123, 124), with one trial showing a 16% lower after 6 weeks of
200 mg testosterone enanthate weekly (118).
Oral AAS again demonstrate unfavorable adjustments, constantly increasing LDL-cholesterol (38, 118,
121, a hundred twenty five, 126). In the HAARLEM study, LDL-cholesterol elevated by zero.forty five mmol/L in contrast with baseline (46).
Erythrocytosis, or polycythemia, a rise in blood hematocrit or hemoglobin levels, is a standard facet effect of AAS
use, even on replacement dosages. It is probably the most frequent opposed event in older males receiving testosterone substitute remedy (TRT)
(40).
References:
PedsElite
| 2025-11-01 11:54:40 | 敦煌马圈湾汉代烽燧遗址发掘简报
甘肃省博物馆 敦煌县文化馆 | [未验证] Albertina | �ˋኡ博ϯ�۠�ػΏَĻ
If a affected person continues utilizing AAS long-term
nonetheless, remedy seems sensible. Long-standing untreated hypertension might exacerbate the
detrimental results of AAS on cardiac construction and function, maybe making
blood pressure remedy in this inhabitants significantly related.
The HAARLEM examine, nonetheless, found no interplay between blood stress and echocardiographic parameters – most likely as a outcome of
the increase was gentle and of relatively quick period
(97). Future analysis is critical to explore the efficacy of blood pressure-lowering medication in this group of sufferers as no trial thus
far has evaluated this.
Enhancing and maintaining bone energy helps your body support the load you
raise and the increased muscle you will acquire.
Steroids could also be particularly potent in certain groups, including youngsters, pregnant people, and older adults.
It’s essential to speak with a physician about the advantages versus the dangers of those medicines.
The time period "steroids" most often refers to a class of
medications called corticosteroids. Nevertheless, there are
other kinds of steroids that work in a different way from these anti-inflammatory medicine.
Working with certified healthcare providers, operating bloodwork, and following evidence-based dosing protocols are important to minimizing danger.
And for lots of athletes, authorized alternate options like
creatine, DHEA, peptides, and GH secretagogues can deliver important results—without
suppression, toxicity, or legal exposure.
It is even included as a PCT compound because of its minimal antagonistic effect
on luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones.
Primobolan can be a DHT-derived steroid, and it’s a great one to make use of
in long cycles as it’s a tolerable compound with lowered androgenic results and milder testosterone suppression. The incontrovertible truth
that oral steroids pass via the liver results in the liver’s
metabolism selling a quicker metabolism of the steroid – resulting in a half-life of as brief
as four hours for some oral compounds. Hormone levels of a selected
hormone, like testosterone, may be modified not only by administering it, but additionally by altering associated hormones.
For example, the estrogens estrone and estradiol are biosynthetically produced
by the enzyme aromatase, respectively, from androstenedione and testosterone, that are both produced from 17α-hydroxyprogesterone.
It is well-liked in each bulking and cutting cycles and is favored by athletes for
its ability to enhance performance with out causing fast weight achieve.
Anadrol is efficient in growing muscle mass and power significantly.
It is usually used firstly of a bulking
cycle to kickstart muscle development. Anadrol enhances purple blood cell manufacturing, which improves oxygen delivery to muscle tissue and
will increase endurance. This is why it’s
important to work on restoring the natural hormone stability after utilizing AAS compounds.
To speed up restoration and get again to peak
efficiency, many are turning to healing peptides
like BPC-157 and TB-500. These compounds are gaining attention for
their potential to accelerate tissue restore,
reduce inflammation, and support overall healing.
This article takes a more in-depth have a look at how each peptide works, compares their advantages,
and explores which could be better fitted to damage recovery in high-performance athletes.
They aren't just signs of bodily withdrawal—they are alerts
that the body wants support to revive hormonal stability.
With the proper post-cycle remedy and way of life adjustments, it’s attainable to mitigate these results and return to a state of health and performance.
The post-cycle crash that follows a steroid cycle
can be a jarring and deeply uncomfortable experience, both
physically and emotionally.
Still, as always, you ought to be open to experimenting with
totally different dosages and lowering it
if required – relying on your tolerance of unwanted effects.
The recommended cycle length is in the 6-8 week vary
for best outcomes whereas minimizing virilization danger. If it’s
your first Anavar cycle, six weeks at 5 to 10mg is an ideal introduction to this steroid.
You can begin at 10mg for the first six weeks, then increase the dose
to 15-20mg for the ultimate two weeks to ramp up your results.
However if you’re new to all this, you may
be stunned to learn that Anavar is derived from DHT.
Consequently, the outcomes you experience will differ significantly from what you anticipate.
This can mislead users into believing that Primobolan is doubtless considered one of the stronger
steroids when, truly, it’s usually regarded as one of the milder choices out there.
Also, based mostly on our checks, testosterone is
less poisonous in comparison with other anabolic steroids when it comes to
injury limitation, producing only mild unwanted facet effects in average dosages (5).
We discover bulking steroids are finest taken at the
facet of a high-calorie diet to maximize anabolism.
For instance, one person trying to achieve 30 kilos
of muscle will prefer a unique cycle than somebody who wants to burn 10 kilos of fat and reveal their six-pack.
‘HGH gut’ is commonly observed in IFBB bodybuilders, which can be attributed to
the enlargement of internal organs such as the intestines
and liver (9). Although Clenbuterol is used by many bodybuilders to great effect when trying to lean out and get ripped, it isn't FDA-approved for people.
Winsol is a legal steroid designed to supply the
identical effects as Winstrol. In our experience, using
Decaduro alone will not yield important muscle gains.
Thus, for max muscle hypertrophy, stack Decaduro
with D-Bal, Anadrole, Trenorol, and/or Testo-Max.
References:
duraci髇 del ciclo
| 2025-11-01 11:54:25 | 明蒙隆庆和议前后边疆社会的变迁——以大同和丰州滩之间碰撞交流为中心
全太锦 | [未验证] Marita | ȫ̫������Ȭ�Β&
Please let me know if you're looking for a article writer for your weblog.
You have some really great articles and I believe I
would be a good asset. If you ever want to take some
of the load off, I'd love to write some articles
for your blog in exchange for a link back to
mine. Please blast me an e-mail if interested.
Thank you!
Stop by my website data | 2025-11-01 11:54:23 | 中原地区莲花纹瓦当的类型与分期
李梅 | [未验证] Everett | n鳎�אԭ�ه�φΟ当�
Due to its excessive market worth, bodybuilders
could also be less likely to use oral testosterone, also
known as undecanoate or Andriol. If you endure from hypogonadism and require testosterone for medicinal purposes, we advocate Olympus Males's testosterone alternative remedy
(TRT) program. Check out our greatest rated testosterone boosters to extend energy, muscle, power and libido.
Additionally, numerous studies have reported an increase in symptoms of schizophrenia,
homicidal tendencies and psychosis [2]. Studies
present that prolonged use of AAS results in peripheral vascular disease,
cardiac muscle growth and decreased contractility of the
guts [1]. The finest cure for low testosterone ranges is to remain lively,
raise weights, eat nutritious meals, take a testosterone booster supplement and cut back unnecessary
stress (late nights, fear etc.). Although the HPG system
works properly for most people, it could sometimes malfunction.
Utilizing steroids to enhance athletic efficiency is taken into
account dishonest and can lead to athletes being penalized
or banned from taking part in sports. More necessary, utilizing performance-enhancing steroids can have critical, long-term well being consequences.
I also get why some athletes argue that steroids stage the taking part in subject or help them get well sooner from
grueling workouts.
Not Like most illicit drug use, misuse of anabolic steroids most commonly begins
in younger adulthood rather than adolescence. However anabolic steroid use in teens is of
concern, especially since the hormonal systems they interact
with play a crucial role in brain development throughout these years
143, a hundred and forty four, one hundred forty five, 146, 147.
In adolescent rats, publicity to anabolic steroids elevated neuronal spine
densities within the hippocampus and amygdala—brain regions involved in studying and emotions (e.g., aggression), respectively.
4 weeks after withdrawal, these will increase in neuronal
spine densities returned to regular within the amygdala, but not within the hippocampus.
Acetate ester is utilized in veterinary use, while other
Trenbolone esters include Enanthate and Hexahydrobenzylcarbonate (Parabolan).
Anavar boosts the metabolism, and it is a core principle if you’re going to
cut fat. Anavar cycle management retains the body in an anabolic state, so that you
lose fat and hold the muscle you’ve gained from bulking cycles.
Anavar will give you more endurance and quicker recovery, translating to more durable,
extra efficient cardio and workout classes. When it involves bodybuilding,
Oxandrolone is well-liked as a end result of it’s
highly anabolic and minimally androgenic.
Therefore, it’s often chosen by those that don't need to use a few of the stronger steroids out there, including girls.
Anavar does not require injections and is taken orally as a pill,
which is one other attractive profit for these new to using steroids.
These steroids might influence grownup height if
they're taken in adolescence, according to the DEA.
This occurs as a end result of the bones end up maturing
too rapidly and then stop rising, in accordance with Nemours KidsHealth.
Others, like the TikToker Caroline Mathias (34,000 followers) are
calling out steroid drug use by popular social media personal-trainer influencers.
Most testosterone esters are suspended in oils like sesame
oil or cottonseed oil. This supplies a slower launch of testosterone, so it's not all used up by the physique
very quickly. Oils are used because once an ester group has been added to testosterone, it becomes much less soluble in water and more soluble in oil.
The boosted energy and aggression that many steroids
ship will see you lifting heavier and having the next depth whereas working out.
Most guys will find they will do two intense workouts a day and match a week’s value of workouts off gear into
a few days whereas on gear. Most people won’t want to
change their diet or exercise regime a lot in comparison with being on or off cycle.
In some circumstances, like when you’re working a cycle for
contest prep, more particular modifications are needed to satisfy a
goal. Nonetheless, most guys will stick to an analogous program with minor changes through the cycle compared to when off-cycle.
Halotestin ought to be run for now not than three
weeks, with 30mg every day beneficial as the maximum.
Take Tren at 300mg weekly, Anavar at 50mg day by day, and don’t overlook
your testosterone prop at 300mg weekly.
There isn't any question that anabolic steroids
carry therapeutic advantages for patients with HIV, liver
illness, renal failure, some malignancies, symptomatic hypogonadism, and burns.
However right now, the largest problem with these brokers is misuse.[34] Regardless Of laws
to restrict the empirical prescription and dishing out of these agents, these medicines continue to be misused by many
individuals, particularly athletes. Studies show that few individuals who misuse anabolic steroids seek therapy
to cease utilizing them. To deal with steroid use, the best strategies involve
uncovering the underlying causes of the misuse. Attain out to the BodyLogicMD network to get began with testosterone substitute therapy.
BodyLogicMD-affiliated practitioners are licensed to follow holistic hormone health
and integrative medication and are devoted to serving to males reach their optimum degree of well being.
D-Bal is an optimum compound for people eager to add
notable muscle mass with out shutting down their testosterone production. Nonetheless, when we see Dianabol
carried out amongst novices, harsh cardiovascular
and hepatic effects can comply with. We observe fewer side effects amongst intermediates
on Dianabol who have previously utilized a light anabolic steroid,
corresponding to testosterone. Novices frequently employ the aforementioned cycle to boost their power and muscle hypertrophy (size).
Novices generally inject testosterone cypionate and enanthate as a end result
of their extended esters, which eliminate the need
for frequent administrations. | 2025-11-01 11:53:50 | 春秋时期中国政治力量的分布态势和列强兴起的地理原因
宋杰 | [未验证] Alyssa | ̎�ܣ捍�ȯʱǚא�꺽�f
Notably, the ventral prostate of the rat grew to become the model
organ for androgenic activity in the renowned Hershberger androgen bioassay, which was developed in 1953 (82).
Whereas a severely flawed approach, the bioassay remains in use
at present, to some extent, within the quest for selective androgen receptor
modulators (SARMs) (83, 84). Bioactivation into an estrogen can happen with AAS which may be a substrate for the aromatase enzyme.
Most other AAS aren't a substrate for aromatase or are transformed at lower
rates, though the latter group can nonetheless yield a considerable amount of estrogen if administered
in excessive doses. The produced estrogen subsequently exerts its results by binding to estrogen receptors α and β, thereby diversifying the
organic effects of the father or mother compound.
Estrogen manufacturing is particularly related in mild of the development of gynecomastia and the unfavorable endocrine suggestions exerted
on the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis (HPGA).
Additional research is needed to discover predictors for improved sperm parameters and profitable being pregnant
outcomes in males with a history of anabolic steroid use. The investigators
used anonymized information from Danish males who failed a urine screening take a look at for AS from 2008 to 2018 whereas
exercising at a fitness membership that participated within the antidoping program.
Failure to cross resulted in a 2-year ban from train at any club that participates within the antidoping
program. A total of 545 males had urine samples that indicated exogenous androgen abuse (the primary research group), and
644 refused to be examined (and were presumed to have a positive test).
Ultimately, he was able to attain the ABAI-stipulated commonplace
of 15.5 million sperm/mL and 46.5 million sperm/sample.
This milestone was matched by different health markers trending in the best course, including testosterone ranges normalizing to
527 ng/dL. For example, one affected person who had a sperm rely of zero at six months after a steroid cycle experienced remarkable recovery.
This quick turnaround shocked even the medical
neighborhood who had initially predicted a restoration time of over 12 months.
Supplementing HCG 250 IU SC each other day with testosterone therapy may be sufficient to sustain ITT ranges.
Men in contraceptive studies using testosterone
have had post-recovery problem. Analysis signifies that 67% of males will recover their
sperm rely inside six months of ceasing regular dose remedy.
Each pharmacologic agent used as APEDs may trigger negative unwanted
side effects involving completely different organs and methods, together
with the reproductive one. In extreme circumstances, it's troublesome to
reverse the unwanted facet effects of anabolic steroids on fertility.
Nonetheless, you need not worry as a end result
of, because of medical development, it is nonetheless possible to have your personal baby.
Misuse of anabolic steroids is detrimental in some ways, particularly if you’d prefer to have biological youngsters.
While the unfavorable consequences could additionally be short-term and reversible after ending anabolic steroid use, there’s a risk that you’ll expertise long-lasting impacts on your fertility, psychiatric well
being, and extra. Some AAS customers self-medicate with
phosphodiesterase kind 5 (PDE5) inhibitors such as sildenafil
to counteract erectile dysfunction (65).
Sufferers usually present with symptoms like decreased libido, erectile
dysfunction, or testicular atrophy, depressive temper alterations, fatigue, lethargy, insomnia, features which
must be specifically evaluated [10]. Physical examination ought to
embody recording top, weight, body mass index and blood stress of the patient.
Any abnormality in secondary sexual options ought to be noted
and testicular quantity ought to be assessed to search for atrophy.
Peripheral stigmata of continual AAS abuse like gynecomastia, pimples, skin striations, alopecia or hirsutism
(in current AAS abusers) must be seemed for [22].
Prohormones have minimal hormone exercise themselves, however they
are converted by the body’s metabolic processes into energetic androgens.
Curiosity in prohormones increased following the
Anabolic Steroid Management Act of 1990, which made anabolic steroids controlled substances in the Usa.
Via the utilization of prohormones corresponding to androstenedione, 4-androstenediol, 1-androstenediol, and 19-norandrostenedione,
bodybuilders and athletes found a method to make use of androgenic compounds legally.
In an attempt to shut this loophole, the Anabolic Steroid Act of 2004 included prohormones on the record of illegal anabolic steroids.
Hypogonadism (low testosterone, or "low T") is a common drawback that is being more
and more identified by the medical group, primarily because of an increased consciousness of the problem.
Some research have proven that as many as 20 p.c of males being handled for fertility issues have hormone issues
corresponding to low testosterone.
Nonetheless, managing the unwanted aspect effects of anabolic steroids entails a comprehensive method.
The endocrine system is responsible for regulating the hormonal steadiness in the physique.
Anabolic steroids have an result on the endocrine system, altering
the natural hormone steadiness in the body. This altered hormonal level suppresses the discharge of hormones that are essential for sperm
and egg manufacturing, impacting fertility in both genders.
For this purpose, the World Anti-doping Agency prohibits using gestrinone (Albano et al.,
2021). Gestrinone has been explored for medical use in conditions similar to endometriosis, uterine
fibroids, and contraception (Pinto et al., 2023).
Nonetheless, a current systematic review and meta-analysis showed limited
evidence supporting its efficacy and security
for treating endometriosis (Ciou et al., 2022, Pinto et al., 2023).
Though stories recommend its potential protecting
impact against gynecological cancers, the standard of the
evidence remains insufficient for conclusions (Pinto et al., 2023).
Furthermore, the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism doesn't acknowledge
gestrinone implants as a remedy for endometriosis and opposes their use as an anabolic agent.
Equally, anovulation and luteal part deficiency usually tend
to happen among exercising compared to sedentary ladies [2].
If you’ve been prescribed steroids for a short-term
or persistent sickness, don’t be alarmed about their impact in your fertility.
And as always, if you have questions about which medicines may influence your fertility, speak to your doctor.
AAS customers are more likely to have giant higher arm
circumferences, and an inappropriately small cuff will overestimate blood
strain.
References:
PedsElite
| 2025-11-01 11:51:58 | 明代长城沿线的植木造林
邱仲麟 | [未验证] Eloy | ȱי�ķ�譓�Ҙ&
These wanting average mass gains somewhat than excessive ones will take pleasure in Equipoise for this function. Some users of Equipoise report a rise in appetite, while others expertise no change in urge for food, indicating that the impact is highly individualistic.
Primobolan can help you obtain that hardened, ripped look with
no water retention.
Virilization refers back to the promotion of male characteristics in girls, specifically physique hair
progress, clitoral enlargement and the deepening
of the vocal chords. This just isn't an extremely female friendly steroid, though virilization can be averted with
very low doses. If Nandrolone is used it should solely be used when hooked up to a brief ester like Phenylpropionate in case points come up.
If issues arise discontinue use instantly and they
will dissipate.
Testosterone Substitute Therapy (TRT) is a medical treatment
used to help men with low testosterone levels. Testosterone is a hormone that plays a crucial function within the
male physique. It affects muscle mass, bone density, temper, power levels, and sexual well being.
When the body does not produce enough testosterone, it might possibly
result in varied signs that impression total quality of life.
TRT is designed to revive testosterone ranges to a normal range, bettering these symptoms
and serving to men really feel better.
Adding a testosterone base to your cycle can worsen acne, so when you plan to attempt
this, improve it gradually through the first 2-3 weeks.
Hair loss isn't a common SARM aspect effect, however it's possible
with some SARMs and a few people. However,
SARMs are not excellent in their selective focusing on of androgen receptors.
The most probably culprits that cause hair loss are RAD-140,
YK-11, and S23. This extra advanced and experimental approach is
usually not really helpful for newbies. You’ll want to know what you’re doing and,
ideally, have prior experience taking SERMs.
The majority of folks that misuse steroids are male weightlifters
in their 20s or 30s. It is difficult to measure steroid misuse within the Usa
as a outcome of many nationwide surveys don't measure it.
The 2016 NIDA-funded Monitoring the Future study has shown that past-year misuse of steroids has
declined amongst 8th and 10th graders in latest years, whereas holding regular for twelfth graders.
I advocate you think twice (no, make that three or 4 times) before you decide
to use SARMs or any other compounds I’ve covered here.
They also think that it might assist them gain bigger Suplementos recomendados para defini玢o muscular em 4 semanas tissues greater than weight coaching alone could ever give them.
Misuse of anabolic steroids can cause quite
so much of side effects ranging from delicate to harmful and even life-threatening.
Most unwanted effects are reversible when you cease taking the medication, but others could additionally be permanent.
Anabolic steroids include synthetic types of testosterone,
with androgen lessons used to assist deal with delayed puberty in males.
Anavar will have a unfavorable effect on cholesterol, causing a light to average enhance in blood stress.
Medically, that could be management of pain, or reducing muscle wastage from diseases like AIDS.
For efficiency driven people, this refers to hormones or drugs taken within the pursuit of gaining muscle, shedding fats
and/or increasing recovery. The cost variations between pharmaceutical and UGL Testosterone can be quite strikingly completely
different. Underground product compared would land within the vary
of $60 – $90 for a single 10ml vial containing
250mg/ml. Contemplating the half-life of the various types of Testosterone esters, there are different protocols among them that have to be
thought of so as to achieve steady blood plasma levels.
There can be a difference between those individuals wanting to use Testosterone for the aim of efficiency
and physique enhancement, and people wanting to make use
of it for the purpose of TRT.
Knowing concerning the half-lives of steroids24 will
contribute considerably in course of your success whereas using
each compound! Half-life is a scientific concept that's utilized
to all forms of medication and substances, whether
or not or not it's steroids, prescribed drugs, or nutritional vitamins (and
more). Steroids play a role in optimizing the nutrient pathways of the body by
effectively shuttling vitamins to muscle tissue which are giving the sign that protein synthesis is being initiated21.
So all those high quality carbohydrates,
wholesome fat, protein, nutritional vitamins, and minerals are making their method to the muscle tissue quicker and extra significantly than if you were not
using steroids. Once you end a Tren cycle, your muscle positive aspects and fat loss will be
largely permanent. | 2025-11-01 11:51:04 | 汉长城预警体系研究
特日格乐 | [未验证] Robbin | ͘ɕ���汉撼こȔぞ�ͥϵ
Sex steroid-induced suppression of spermatogenesis reduces testicular quantity by sixteen.5–30.0% (176, 182, 183).
Some AAS customers might, due to this fact, resort to the utilization of hCG or human menopausal
gonadotropin (hMG) to maintain testis quantity rather than seeking to protect fertility per se.
Biochemically, this expresses itself in relatively small elevations of blood aspartate
aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase
(GGT) (99) values. Not Often, AAS-induced hepatotoxicity would possibly present itself in jaundice and pruritus (100, 101).
With such medical displays, elevated bilirubin values are also to be
anticipated.
The strongest oral steroid we now have seen in phrases of
constructing muscle and gaining important energy is oral trenbolone,
in any other case known as methyltrienolone. Oral steroids
will also cause testosterone suppression just like injectable steroids,
probably causing hypogonadism in males. In our expertise, giant dosages (2,800 mg per week)
of testosterone undecanoate are required for
notable features in mass and dimension due to its low
bioavailability. Not solely are they unlawful when taken outdoors of
the care of a medical professional to treat specific medical circumstances, but they are often dangerous.
Facet effects can begin after about two or three weeks of use, generally across the similar time that the optimistic
effects reveal themselves, Smit says. All the testosterone esters we come throughout are injectable, and the dosage you utilize will
depend on which ester it's and what your objectives are on your total steroid
cycle. Plenty of protein is a must while on a cycle since steroids enhance protein synthesis, which in flip
is what builds muscle.
Nonetheless, Deca Durabolin is infamous for inflicting sexual unwanted effects, particularly
erectile dysfunction, in our male patients. Trenbolone also can tremendously suppress endogenous testosterone ranges, resulting in male hypogonadism.
Androgenic unwanted facet effects are frequent with Anadrol, regardless of its low androgenic ranking of 45.
Simply put, this is the top of the pyramid, after which
you progressively lower the dosage until you get back to
zero. These are three of the utilization strategies or patterns that
can be applied to steroid use. The one you choose will rely on your
goals, with bodybuilders and athletes requiring totally different methods to realize the maximum possible impact.
They are also used for changing testosterone in males with low testosterone ranges.
Steroid misuse often begins in younger maturity, but teens can also fall
prey to steroid culture. Surveys have proven up to
7 percent of high school college students have used
steroids, however the true number could also be greater.
Not surprisingly, gynecomastia is a facet effect that can occur because of AAS use.
In an uncontrolled multicenter contraceptive efficacy examine, 271 men received 200 mg
testosterone enanthate weekly for no much less than 6 months (202).
In distinction, the prevalence of gynecomastia increased from 7%
at baseline to 19% on the finish of an AAS cycle within the HAARLEM
research (39). Anabolic steroids and human progress hormone (HGH) are different in the method in which they work
and in their features. HGH is produced in the
body and is responsible for cell replica, substitute of cells, proper functioning of sure hormones and enzymes, and proper
brain perform.
The slight chemical modification of testosterone offers Dianabol much less androgenic effects than regular testosterone.
Dianabol works fantastically when used with different steroids in a
stack, and that is how it's mostly used and offers
probably the most benefits. Assume of anabolic steroids, and
the name Dianabol (Dbol) is often the first to come back to your mind.
It’s lengthy been the most well-liked and revered steroid, and
for good reason. Bulking and chopping whereas retaining
muscle mass are two areas I concentrate on below.
As you'd expect, added advantages like elevated power, endurance, and efficiency
will come with these compounds, which ultimately
allow you to break through all of your plateaus and previous records at the fitness center
as soon as you’re on a cycle.
The primary purpose folks misuse anabolic steroids is to extend lean muscle mass when using them along side
weight coaching. When abused like this, testosterone and other androgens
can have damaging results on the physique. Different noticed unwanted effects embody acne vulgaris, breast growth, mental well being disorders, lowered sperm rely, cardiovascular disease, and liver cancer.
Nonetheless, when testosterone is used within the context of an permitted therapeutic dose, as in testosterone substitute therapy, it
carries a much decrease threat of unwanted aspect effects. Bodybuilders who cycle
anabolic steroids have an elevated danger of nephrotoxicity (kidney toxicity),
demonstrated by excessive creatinine levels.
Throughout a 2010 case report, Dr. Leal Herlitz examined the kidney
operate of 10 bodybuilders who had utilized steroids
long-term.
If you or a liked one misuses anabolic steroids, it’s important to see a health care provider for treatment.
The sooner you can address the problem and find wholesome alternate options, the
less likely you are to experience potentially deadly risks sooner or later.
Anabolic steroids are used as performance-enhancing medication to extend the flexibility to do work and train by abnormally stimulating muscle growth, energy, and cardio capability.
This increased perform comes with a value of potentially life-threatening side effects.
Anabolic steroids additionally put men and women in danger for much
extra serious issues. Misuse has been linked to a better danger of heart assault,
liver and kidney failure, blood clotting, and excessive ldl
cholesterol.
References:
Anvarol customer support
| 2025-11-01 11:51:00 | 李如樟及其『三镇边务总要』
石彬伦（美） | [未验证] Fredrick | ʯ����Ā） ：nɧց及Ǥ『&
Muscle soreness can additionally be frequent, which may be
experienced deep throughout the muscle and may last for hours or days.
Injectables do pose some toxicity, and we've even seen them cause
liver failure in uncommon circumstances of steroid abuse (3).
There are, nonetheless, exceptions to this rule, with injectable steroids such as testosterone suspension having a detection time
of just 1-2 days. Proviron (mesterolone) is an anabolic
steroid that was commonly used in bodybuilding’s Golden Era of the ’70s, sometimes being stacked with Dianabol.
Trenbolone is significantly extra androgenic than Dianabol; thus, oily pores and skin, zits, and hair loss are extra widespread with trenbolone.
Trenbolone isn’t C-17 alpha-alkylated, so it’s
not thought of a hepatotoxic steroid in moderate doses, not like Dianabol.
Thus, if customers are anxious about liver injury,
trenbolone is the much less deleterious option.
We have seen customers abstain from lifting weights and still see noticeable enhancements in body composition (being sedentary) from
Dianabol use. Thus, if a Dianabol product isn't working, it’s likely the individual has been scammed.
The finest way to verify its authenticity is by purchasing a testing kit, which confirms whether the
Dianabol is real or faux. Visceral fats is positioned deep within the stomach, in contrast to subcutaneous fat, which could be visually seen (in the type of stomach fat).
Extreme visceral fats is taken into account unfavorable as a result of
it may possibly enhance the chance of sort 2 diabetes and
heart problems. Arnold is probably demonstrating the everlasting results of
steroids during old age (via the process of muscle memory).
The post-cycle crash can typically be detrimental for Anadrol
users; thus, a PCT is essential in accelerating the restoration of psychological well-being and pure testosterone production. Though the only real
objective of anabolic steroids is to promote weight acquire, we have found that will increase
in muscle mass incessantly coincide with concurrent fat loss (1).
People who illegally use anabolic steroids typically achieve this
to extend lean muscle mass, reduce fats and pace up restoration from harm.
Many athletes and bodybuilders depend on anabolic androgenic steroids to spice up performance, enhance energy, and obtain rapid muscle progress
while preventing muscle loss. Turkesterone does not bind to the androgen receptor, preventing significant decreases in endogenous testosterone.
One Other examine showed that 35% of the customers examined have
been discovered to be optimistic for two or more AASs in connection with autopsy.
Furthermore, an affiliation between using AASs and different
illicit drugs, corresponding to cannabis, cocaine, amphetamines or LSD, was noticed.
Ship a observe of due to Mayo Clinic researchers who're revolutionizing healthcare
and enhancing affected person outcomes. However like several synthetic complement, they are often dangerous and even lethal when misused,
whether or not you utilize an excessive quantity of or
for too long a time. The use of unlicensed products also carries a risk of poisoning.
Folks will attend follow-up appointments and take periodic blood checks to watch for negative effects.
Others, corresponding to nandrolone (Anadur), haven't any
therapeutic use, but athletes use them. Your moods and emotions are balanced by the limbic system of
your mind.
Moreover, another research demonstrated that supraphysiological doses of AASs impair the beneficial results of bodily activity on hippocampal cell proliferation and apoptotic signaling [41].
Endurance train improves the redox system balance
by stabilizing the mitochondrial membrane, leading to a discount of apoptotic results
of ND in neural cells [25]. There is pressure even in center college to take drugs to extend
efficiency on the taking half in area and within the gym. Unrealistic expectations
can drive adolescent girls and boys to try to achieve the customarily unrealistic image of models in trend magazines and
athletes within the gym. In general, the long-term results of performance-enhancing medication have not been studied sufficient.
Moreover, trenbolone isn't suitable for ladies
seeking to keep away from the event of masculine options. Pharmaceutical-grade
Anavar was once synthesized by scientists in an authorized laboratory
when it was authorized for medical causes.
Stringent rules were in place for maximum security and success.
This was prescribed to patients suffering from cachexia, the place muscle loss was occurring at an alarming fee, rising the chance of mortality.
Our female sufferers have reported feeling depressed and have experienced low libido upon cycle cessation. Dave Crosland, the founding father
of Crosland’s Hurt Discount Services, has also found testosterone
and estrogen levels to be poor in females post-Anavar.
This can allow bodybuilders to train for longer
durations of time with out fatiguing or overtraining from strenuous workouts.
Dbol is often utilized in bulking cycles to help customers construct large amounts of muscle measurement
and strength. Long-term use of steroids is defined as
taking them for longer than 2 weeks.
You can use a tablet cutter to split the dose, or you
can opt for smaller doses (5 mg) when shopping for methandrostenolone.
Salicylic acid is one other common zits treatment; nonetheless, this is
less effective compared to retinoids. If a user
suffers from mild acne, we have discovered topical therapies (gels, lotions,
lotions) to be an efficient therapy, together with retinoids.
References:
Bruce Lee Supplements
| 2025-11-01 11:50:46 | 从张家口堡的建筑过程看边塞古城的发展轨迹
胡明 | [未验证] Julissa | �鲞��ԕżҿڱさĽ�
Furthermore, water retention is unlikely on Anavar, with the compound creating a dry and defined look.
This diuretic effect can be likely to increase vascularity and muscle striations
while contributing to a leaner appearance. We have discovered Anavar to be top-of-the-line steroids in regard to toxic side effects.
Analysis has additionally proven it to own safety in long-term
medical settings (9). We have had patients report
significant strength outcomes on Anavar, even when consuming low energy.
Anti-doping measures and steroid testing play an important function in maintaining the integrity of sports.
These initiatives aim to detect and deter
the usage of prohibited substances, including steroids, amongst
athletes. In many countries, the non-medical use of steroids is taken into
account illegal and a violation of controlled substance legal guidelines.
Possessing, distributing, or acquiring steroids with no valid prescription can result in authorized consequences, including
fines, imprisonment, and injury to an individual’s private and professional
reputation. Athletes can face extreme penalties, including disqualification from competitors, if they are found to
have used steroids in violation of anti-doping insurance policies and laws set
forth by sports organizations.
Sure steroids, particularly these used during slicing cycles,
assist create a more durable, extra outlined look by decreasing water retention and
promoting fats loss while preserving lean muscle mass.
The health results of anabolic steroids embody both short-term and long-term issues similar to cardiovascular issues, liver harm, hormonal imbalances,
and psychiatric effects. While you may expertise
rapid muscle gains and enhanced recovery, steroids could cause devastating
well being complications. Your liver faces critical
threats, together with liver injury and potential liver failure from processing artificial hormones.
We find that this before-and-after transformation is typical of someone stacking
Deca-Durabolin with another bulking steroid. Stretch marks could be seen on his proper deltoid in the after photo, indicating the fast anabolic effects of Anadrol and Deca.
In our expertise, AIs (aromatase inhibitors) are ineffective for treating Anadrol’s estrogenic results, as Anadrol doesn't aromatize but instead immediately stimulates the estrogen receptors.
But you’ll look unbelievable, and folks might be in awe at the fast change in your physique.
Anadrol becomes energetic in muscle tissue with a
minor chemical modification, whereas DHT becomes inactive when unmodified.
However, oral Winstrol is extra handy, as our patients sometimes report Winstrol injections as painful.
Thus, oral Winstrol is extra simply broken down and cleared by the body; thus, more common dosing is required to
hold up peak serum testosterone.
Anabolic steroids act at androgen receptors to affect mobile functioning and gene expression.
Nonetheless, folks can use these medicinally to deal with sure medical situations.
However, they may compound the cardiovascular danger imposed by the opposite atherogenic results of AAS,
corresponding to dyslipidemia, acting as potential CVD danger
modifiers. In hypertensive people, LV mass corrected for body floor space provides prognostic
value for ischemic heart disease and heart failure along with established (SCORE)
danger elements (218). The same holds true for international longitudinal strain in nonhypertensive people (218).
The isovolumic rest time can also be an independent predictor
of coronary heart failure within the general population (219).
Thirty-one males enrolled within the HAARLEM
study have been subjected to 3D echocardiography earlier than, on the
finish, and a median of 8 months after the start of their self-administered AAS cycles (97).
This means whereas estrogen conversion can certainly occur
with this steroid, unwanted aspect effects usually are not assured.
Dianabol will kick in sooner than NPP can, and it’ll also have you ever putting
on rather more water weight. In that case, I’d start to
worry about what’s actually in your Deca or NPP and consider discovering another source for your
gear rather than frequently upping your dose. Unnecessary to say, Nandrolone has confirmed invaluable to bodybuilders for close to 60 years, and this implies we have a comprehensive understanding of what this AAS does and the way
it does it.
Recognized for his or her capacity to promote muscle development and improve bodily efficiency, they
are broadly utilized by bodybuilders, athletes, and health enthusiasts.
Anabolic steroids are broadly known for his or her capability to reinforce muscle growth, energy,
and athletic performance. These artificial derivatives
of testosterone mimic the hormone’s pure effects, driving important bodily modifications in a relatively short
period. For bodybuilders, athletes, and health lovers, anabolic steroids provide a way to speed up progress and
obtain outcomes which may otherwise take years of training.
Overall, the exact mechanisms by which steroids exert their results on athletic
performance are advanced and multifaceted.
Psychological effects similar to mood swings, aggression, and dependency are additionally common. One
of essentially the most well-known results of anabolic steroids
is their capacity to promote rapid will increase
in muscle mass. Users often report noticeable features in dimension and power
within weeks of starting a cycle, far exceeding what can usually be achieved through training and diet alone.
References:
PedsElite
| 2025-11-01 11:50:22 | 明长城宣府镇西路城堡考
张依萌 | [未验证] Debbie | օӀĈ：ķ长�Ȑ큽�Ϸ
One of the frequent duties for which anabolic steroids are
used is to enhance sports activities performance and/or the appearance of the body.
Nonprescription doses are sometimes 10 to 100 instances larger than the doses healthcare providers prescribe to treat medical circumstances.
This is why the unwanted facet effects are often extra
severe than the unwanted aspect effects of prescribed anabolic steroid use.
This is the place getting the dosage right can make all of the difference, and so will minimizing cycle length.
T3 is a thyroid hormone that is naturally produced by the
pituitary gland. Its function is to control the metabolism, and its major use in performance settings is to facilitate fats burning.
People using T3 medically achieve this for hypothyroidism, the place the physique
doesn’t naturally make sufficient of the hormone.
Winstrol is type of a potent steroid; subsequently, females
don’t require giant doses to see distinctive outcomes. Keeping
your dosage of Winstrol as low as possible will provide the dual reward of wonderful outcomes mixed with minimal unwanted effects (potentially allowing you to get away with zero facet effects).
Customers who regularly administer toxic anabolic steroids such as Winstrol for Body Sculpting, with inadequate
day with no work in between cycles, are at larger threat of testosterone deficiency or infertility.
Trenbolone is thought to considerably scale back fats mass whereas facilitating muscle development.
Some bodybuilders additionally make use of trenbolone
as a slicing steroid to accelerate fats loss while maintaining muscle on fewer calories.
Anabolic steroids often are abused by athletes for growing muscle mass and performance.
Non-athletes and non-competitive physique builders additionally abuse anabolic steroids for
beauty reasons.
In some customers, we see this inflicting a flushed appearance to the skin, signifying a spike
in blood strain and thus a higher body temperature. In this information,
we will listing the different sorts of bulking and cutting steroids utilized by our patients, comprehensively detailing their benefits and unwanted side
effects. Yes, should you take prescription anabolic steroids under
the supervision of your healthcare supplier for a medical purpose, anabolic steroids are
usually protected. Anabolic steroids (artificial androgens) work by activating androgen receptors in your body and
mimicking the effects of pure androgens. Testosterone
is important for promoting and maintaining muscle progress and developing secondary male sex traits, similar
to a deep voice and facial hair. The matter of
drug abuse of any kind is very complicated and often tough to assess precisely and objectively.
Relating this biopharmacology to the individual abusing AASs is a very
troublesome task because of a number of components.
For this purpose, feminine steroid use is a topic where not lots of information exists and one that isn't often mentioned within bodybuilding communities.
If you’re one of many many people who need to know what kind of cycle to run if you wish to
maintain your steroid use on the down low and hold your
outcomes extra subtle. Ideally, you’d mix it with IGF-1, which does better in this 2–3-week period.
You can take a look at T3 and insulin for the extra hardcore,
however only if you know what you’re doing with these compounds.
However other individuals will soon begin to discover
your vocal change if it progresses with continued steroid use.
These results come about as a result of how androgens affect the body and when estrogen operate is altered.
Studying, for instance, how pain might feel post-injection in comparability with what an an infection feels
like can imply the difference between making a choice to get medical assist or knowing that you’ll heal naturally.
This comes with time and expertise, but data is energy, and the extra you understand about what can go wrong, the less likelihood you’ll have
of seeing any serious complications.
Athletes should weigh these components rigorously and think about the potential long-term implications of
steroid use. So, whereas ladies have low levels of
natural testosterone, even a small exogenous administration taken regularly goes to have an enormous effect!
That’s why females can shortly put on lean muscle with very low doses of anabolic steroids.
It’s also why those same low doses can quickly result in undesirable side
effects developing44, a lot of which are going to be very totally different from the
types of unwanted side effects that male steroid users worry about.
Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) all carry their own anabolic and androgenic ranking and such
ranking relies on the first steroid testosterone. Testosterone carries with
it an anabolic ranking of one hundred and an androgenic score of 100 and it is by this score in-which all different steroids are measured in every regard.
So it’s not simply the half-life of a steroid you need to concentrate
to; it’s how long its metabolites can doubtlessly linger in your system.
Orals, for example, include that well-known danger to the liver, so it’s out of the query
to make use of them longer. Blood pressure and cholesterol will increase
are a few of the other vital threat components for
normal and high-dose steroid use. Subcutaneous or simply sub-cut injections are the place
the needle is placed into the pores and skin layers. It’s a very shallow injection and one that is rarely
used for anabolic steroids. Again, there is a threat of
abscess formation with this kind of injection if it’s not done correctly.
These intramuscular injections guarantee
the answer is entered deep into the muscle, which might journey steadily and safely via
smaller veins somewhat than being placed directly into the bloodstream.
Dr. Israetel's honesty about his struggles with anxiousness,
aggression, and cognitive decline serves as a potent reminder that the will for physical perfection can have devastating consequences for overall well-being.
His insights provide a useful useful resource for anybody considering the use of anabolic steroids, urging careful consideration of the potential risks and long-term implications.
The seminal vesicles and ventral prostate are tissues that comprise high ranges
of androgen receptors and are overly sensitive to androgenic effects.
Any progress in these tissues would indicate the flexibility of a compound to exert androgenic effects.
The fee of development in these tissues could be used to find out
the androgenic score of the steroid being noticed.
In the early years of anabolic steroid improvement,
there wasn’t a normal technique to how different steroids had been tested or how they were measured
for strength. | 2025-11-01 11:50:19 | 博山境内“齐长城”遗址
王延恕 | [未验证] Kayla | εғˡ：博ɽ境Ś“ǫ长�ǡ�z
When this occurs, the amount of testosterone in the testicles is
extremely low, regardless of normal or very excessive ranges within the bloodstream.
The mixture causes the testicles to shrink and to produce small if any amount of
sperm. In sure circumstances or unwanted aspect
effects, suppressing the immune response can have a unfavorable influence as a result of it makes the physique more susceptible to infections.
Each sympathetic fibers from segments T10-L2 and somatic fibers from segments S2-S4 are concerned in the ejaculatory reflex; extra in detail, fibers from the segments T11-L2 transmit a sign by
way of the hypogastric nerve plexus finally resulting in emission [95].
Semen samples might still be collected, both by way of penile vibratory
stimulation or by way of electro-ejaculation [96], and might typically characterize the one chance for fatherhood for these subjects.
In addition to male fertility points, steroids could cause numerous different health points, corresponding to pimples, breast
development, liver issues, coronary heart assault, and stroke.
The mechanism of testosterone abuse resulting in male subfertility has
not been enunciated clearly. Intake of exogenous testosterone and other AAS results in suppression of secretion of GnRH from the hypothalamus which subsequently decreases the secretion of LH and FSH from the pituitary gland [17].
Thus, due to low ranges of LH, endogenous testosterone production from Leydig
cells decreases resulting in low intratesticular testosterone however regular serum testosterone as a result of contribution from exogenous testosterone.
Every 10 mmHg reduction in systolic blood strain reduces the
chance of main cardiovascular occasions, coronary coronary heart illness, stroke, heart failure, and all-cause mortality by 20%, 17%, 27%,
28%, and 13%, respectively (95). A persistent
pharmacological enhance in blood stress – corresponding to
brought on by AAS use – may be speculated to have the inverse impact.
Male-pattern hair loss, or androgenetic alopecia, is an androgenic situation par excellence.
In the 1940s, James Hamilton described how male-pattern baldness did not develop in castrated males
except they have been administered testosterone (72).
As Soon As steroids are stopped, the physique begins to get
again on observe to producing its own hormones once more, but this restoration can take a while.
First, a lot of the included studies had been observational,
which makes it difficult to determine causation definitively.
The AAS use was unregulated and unsupervised AAS use and
topics in some research resorted to polypharmacy.
This results in impressively high intra-testicular concentrations of testosterone
which might be essential for sperm manufacturing and
roughly ~�40 serum ranges [16]. The the rest of testosterone is released systemically and exerts the physiologic
effects detailed above. Comparisons between sufferers and control case series are difficult due to the concealing of the follow,
but also because of varied modifications in consumption practices and
doses employed [37].
This article goals to delve into the relationship between steroid use and fertility, exploring the potential consequences and highlighting
the importance of understanding this complicated issue.
This experience drove house the truth that while Anavar
might assist in her fitness targets, it posed a threat to her reproductive well being.
For occasion, contemplate Sarah, a competitive bodybuilder who turned to Anavar
throughout her training seasons. Whereas she experienced important results in power
and physique, she later discovered irregularities in her menstrual cycle, main her to question whether or not Anavar was well
worth the potential risks to her fertility.
The detrimental results on fertility, cardiovascular system like heart assaults and
strokes and the psychological penalties like temper swings, aggressive behavior and depression must
be notably highlighted [39]. Information should be disseminated through social media in addition to bodily workshops
in alliance with gyms and sports associations. Athlete support
teams could additionally be fashioned to discuss the
legalities and adverse results to dissuade members
from AAS abuse. Sexual dysfunction originating from AAS abuse may contribute to male infertility.
As AAS use is seen negatively, a non-judgmental
wholesome and trusting physician–patient relationship is vital in the administration. The patient must be counselled to stop all AAS in addition to any self-administered ancillary drugs and dietary supplements.
For patients with histopathological abnormalities (namely, sperm maturation arrest), IVF-ICSI has been used however there is no printed information confirming
the success.
References:
PedsElite
| 2025-11-01 11:50:12 | 秦关中北边长城
谭其骧 | [未验证] Rubin | ̷Ǥ縣�Ș�ٖб北߳こŠ�
However, so lengthy as adolescents perceive that anabolic steroids are
required to compete at sports activities, their use could
proceed in the foreseeable future. It's essential to understand these
potential unwanted side effects earlier than contemplating the use of anabolic steroids.
Long-term anabolic use, particularly excessive doses, can harm your liver, kidneys, and heart.
These medication also can elevate your LDL "bad" ldl cholesterol, which
may make you extra likely to have heart attacks and strokes
at any age. Their performance- and muscle-boosting powers have led to widespread misuse and abuse.
Short-term use may cause weight achieve, puffy face,
nausea, temper swings, and trouble sleeping.
The use of steroids suppresses the naturally occurring testosterone
within the body and, in males, may result in a lower in testicle dimension (atrophy), decreased sperm manufacturing,
infertility, and baldness. As properly, the surplus steroid
could be converted to estrogen in males and will lead to enlarged breasts (known as gynecomastia).
In females, the excess testosterone manufacturing may result in a
deeper voice, changes in the menstrual cycle, and elevated hair manufacturing.
During therapy with anabolic steroids, clinicians ought to acquire the patient’s lipid profile,
liver perform exams, hemoglobin, and hematocrit at three to six months, then every year.
Patients on testosterone should be monitored for his or her response to remedy and adverse results three to six
months after initiation of therapy after which every year,
especially for cardiac antagonistic occasions.
Research also indicates that some customers may flip to other medicine to alleviate a few of the adverse
effects of anabolic steroids. For instance, a examine of 227 males admitted in 1999 to a private remedy center
for habit to heroin or different opioids found that 9.three percent had beforehand misused anabolic steroids 142.
Some case stories tie AAS hyperlink with past histories of
trauma or low self-esteem, with steroids perceived as empowering or protective.
Utilizing AASs may cause many undesirable unwanted effects and serious
health situations, similar to cardiovascular and liver problems.
Help from healthcare professionals and counselors is on the market for people dependent on AASs.
The first step in treating anabolic steroid dependency
is to discontinue use and search medical assist.
Not Like most illicit drug use, misuse of anabolic steroids most commonly begins in younger maturity somewhat than adolescence.
But anabolic steroid use in teens is of concern, particularly because the hormonal methods they interact with play a critical position in mind development throughout these years
143, 144, 145, 146, 147. In adolescent rats, publicity to anabolic steroids increased neuronal spine
densities in the hippocampus and amygdala—brain regions involved in studying and emotions (e.g., aggression),
respectively. Four weeks after withdrawal,
these increases in neuronal backbone densities returned to normal within the amygdala, however not within the hippocampus.
Due to its high market price, bodybuilders could additionally
be much less likely to make use of oral testosterone,
also identified as undecanoate or Andriol. If you undergo from
hypogonadism and require testosterone for medicinal functions,
we recommend Olympus Men's testosterone alternative remedy (TRT)
program. Examine out our best rated testosterone boosters to increase
energy, muscle, energy and libido. Moreover, numerous
research have reported a rise in signs of schizophrenia, homicidal
tendencies and psychosis [2]. Research show
that extended use of AAS results in peripheral vascular disease, cardiac muscle progress and decreased contractility of the guts [1].
The finest cure for low testosterone ranges is to stay energetic, carry weights, eat nutritious food, take a testosterone booster supplement and cut back pointless stress (late nights,
fear etc.). Though the HPG system works properly for most individuals, it can generally malfunction.
Medium cycles restrict you from making the features you want throughout these
few weeks, so you’ll be fairly limited to
faster-acting compounds. Testosterone Propionate is usually the ester of alternative
for a medium cycle. Some anabolic steroids are obtainable
in an injectable kind only, while others are available in an oral kind.
Nevertheless, with more superior detection techniques, any steroid testing is undertaken by competitions and authorities
with the budget to ensure in-depth exams will decide up metabolites.
You shouldn't be stunned when these metabolites are still
current weeks, months, and typically properly over a yr after you’ve taken your final anabolic steroid dosage –
no matter what that steroid’s half-life is. In many cases,
the use of the substance can nonetheless be detected in trace amounts of the remaining metabolites long after the compound has exceeded its active life in the physique.
DHT has been shown to bind avidly to receptors in tissues, corresponding to skin, scalp, and prostate, and to exert
3-4 times the androgenic effect of testosterone.
Thus, the first hormone mediating the androgenic results
of testosterone is definitely the 5-alpha lowered DHT.
Testosterone activity is mediated through an androgen receptor that is current in various tissues all through the
human body. Testosterone binds to an intracellular receptor discovered in the cytosol of cells, forming a receptor complicated that migrates into the nucleus,
the place it binds to specific deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) segments.
On the opposite hand, Masteron does have some androgenic downsides, so hair loss and potential prostate growth can be points,
particularly when utilizing Masteron for a long term. The most common of
all steroid effects is a rise in protein synthesis19, with
nearly each steroid promoting protein synthesis to some degree.
This process involves the protein-building mechanism of cells – in different words, the basic constructing blocks of lean muscle tissue make
it obvious why that is such a desirable impact for
steroid-using bodybuilders. With a higher-than-normal price of protein synthesis occurring,
your muscles can grow quicker and more extensively – it sounds
simple, however that’s the final word aim of using steroids (at least for bulking).
Testosterone has a twin motion and can be described by means of its
androgenic and anabolic capacities. People who use anabolic steroids typically expertise a rise in muscle power
in a short time.
References:
r閏up閞ation 閜aules intensives
| 2025-11-01 11:49:54 | 夏至战国中国北方长城地带游牧文化带的形成过程（论纲）下
林沄 | [未验证] Damion | –›V：Єׁս�꼃�北方�
Girls have been using it extra, too, for T-related athletic performance enhancement, lean bodies,
power, confidence, and libido. T has been prescribed for hypoactive
sexual want dysfunction (HSDD) in postmenopausal women, supported
by world consensus guidelines, though no Food and
Drug Administration (FDA)‑approved female formulation exists.
Testosterone is necessary for selling and maintaining muscle growth and developing secondary male sex traits, similar
to a deep voice and facial hair. Anabolic steroids are sometimes prescribed by medical
doctors Creatine Monohydrate for Muscle Definition individuals who want synthetic testosterone support to deal with
sure medical situations. In such instances, the medicines are taken on the lowest doses potential,
and for as short an period of time as needed.
LH and FSH, in flip, bind to their cognate receptors on the
Leydig cells and Sertoli cells of the testis, respectively.
LH stimulates testosterone production and, at the facet of
FSH, regulates spermatogenesis. Testosterone, and its estrogenic metabolite estradiol, exert unfavorable suggestions on the hypothalamus and pituitary to suppress their very own synthesis (173,
174). Estradiol specifically is awfully potent at suppressing
gonadotropin secretion as, on a molar foundation, it
is estimated to be 200-fold stronger than testosterone in doing so (175).
Consequently, exogenously administered AAS will also exert adverse suggestions, thereby suppressing testicular testosterone manufacturing and spermatogenesis.
Do not disregard or avoid skilled medical advice
because of content material revealed within Cureus.
Several steroids are additionally permitted by the FDA, yet they remain illegal today in most nations.
Right Now, steroid use only turns into authorized when prescribed by a medical doctor
for underlying health issues (11). This can be seen as a
slicing cycle, taken predominantly to reinforce fat burning.
Anavar can additionally be appropriate for users seeking to gain small to average quantities of muscle concurrently.
A widespread dose of Deca is 300–400 mg per week when stacked with other
steroids. Prolactin inhibits the production of GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone),
causing much less endogenous testosterone manufacturing.
The addition of the thyroid hormone Cytomel in this advanced cycle assists
in regulating metabolism and power. These much longer superior cycles that stack multiple
steroids are superior cycles. Females who develop virilization are all the time suggested to stop use
instantly so those effects can subside and disappear.
Every lady will have a special tolerance concerning how much adverse
impact she is willing to take care of. The most hardcore female bodybuilders
could have a high tolerance for more severe side effects and should not even be overly bothered by this.
Gynecomastia in men and masculinizing effects in girls may be irreversible.
The emergency and referral sources listed above are available to individuals
situated in the Usa and usually are not operated by the Nationwide Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA).
NIDA is a biomedical research organization and does not provide customized medical advice, treatment, counseling, or legal consultation. Information offered by NIDA is not an various to skilled medical care or
authorized session.
Medical care is equally essential to address any physical points caused by steroid abuse.
This could embrace treating hormone imbalances,
heart or liver issues, and offering mental well being
assist for circumstances like nervousness or despair.
Dietary counseling and physical remedy can also play
a task in serving to folks regain their bodily well being and keep a balanced life-style.
Anabolic steroids are mostly taken by injection into the muscle, orally with pills, or as topical lotions or gels (National Health Service, 2022).
Continued use can lead to irreversible damage, similar to heart disease,
liver failure, and reproductive points. Past the bodily damage,
the lasting mental well being effects—such as persistent melancholy, anxiety, and aggression—can hurt personal relationships, hinder
profession progress, and diminish overall quality of life.
The most common reasons individuals abuse anabolic steroids are to improve athletic performance or improve
bodily look. Bodybuilders and athletes would possibly use them to shortly gain muscle mass, enhance energy, and increase endurance.
Even those that aren’t athletes could turn to steroids to realize a leaner,
extra muscular look that fits societal ideals.
Corticosteroids are common steroid medications that reduce inflammation and dampen the activity of your immune
system. They're lab-made to work like cortisol, a hormone made by your adrenal glands.
Natalie Watkins is a medical writer and educator specializing in mental well
being. | 2025-11-01 11:48:37 | 蒙恬所筑长城位置考
贾衣肯 | [未验证] Beth | �ג�ϣ�ĉͱ̹长�Ȏ�׃考
However if you’re new to all this, you could be stunned to be taught
that Anavar is derived from DHT. Regardless Of this, Anavar does NOT include the
potent androgenic unwanted effects of most other DHT-derived steroids.
Anabolic steroid use amongst females for efficiency enhancement is unsurprisingly considerably lower than among males.
Whereas this side effect isn't likely to develop as rapidly as voice adjustments or hair progress,
it’s a reminder of why keeping decrease doses and using milder compounds is
crucial. Other male-specific side effects of steroids embrace the development of breast tissue (gynecomastia) as
a outcome of elevated estrogen levels. Roid rage, or modifications
in anger and aggression control, also can influence male steroid users.
Not all males will experience elevated aggressiveness, and research has shown that only a tiny percent of them notice this aspect effect.
"Anabolic" refers to muscle hypertrophy and "androgenic"
refers to elevated male intercourse characteristics.
Medicine which would possibly be generally used are testosterone, androstenedione, stanozolol (Winstrol), nandrolone (Deca-Durabolin), Sustanon 250 injection protocol and safety methandrostenolone (Dianabol).
A Number Of analysis articles have shown that these medication have a variety of unwanted effects,
leading to reproductive and metabolic problems, psychological disturbances, cardiovascular
disease (CVD), and renal and hepatic pathologies
[6,7]. CVD encompasses a range of illnesses that include numerous pathologies of
the guts and blood vessels. These embrace
however are not restricted to coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure,
and arrhythmias. The World Health Group (WHO) estimated 17.9 million deaths by CVD in 2016,
representing 31% of all international deaths. When girls abuse anabolic steroids,
it may trigger irreversible voice deepening and increased body/facial hair and zits, in addition to clitoromegaly and
irregular menstruation.
Albuminuria, as measured by dipstick evaluation, emerged or increased in 16% of the topics (155).
A larger increase in serum creatinine levels was observed in a small 4-week placebo-controlled trial with resistance-trained men randomized to 330 mg daily of the oral prohormone 3β-hydroxy-5α-androst-1-en-17-one (1-androsterone) or placebo (38).
Bioactivation of the prohormone into the potent anabolic steroid 17β-hydroxy-5α-androst-1-en-3-one (1-testosterone) results
from oxidation at carbon 3 of the A-ring and discount at carbon 17 of the D-ring of
the steroid nucleus (156).
Nevertheless, suppressing the event of male traits as
much as possible for a lot of other ladies shall be a
excessive precedence through the cycle. This is the place getting the dosage right can make all of the difference, and so will minimizing cycle length.
The Feminine Cutting Stack is designed to mimic the
three most potent cutting and fat-burning PEDs, and it’s secure
to make use of for longer than harsh steroids.
Meet the principle players in this field – Primobolan, Masteron, Anavar, and Turinabol.
It’s necessary to talk together with your physician about any well being considerations you
could have before you start using steroids. Your doctor
can provide different recommendations depending in your cause for utilizing
steroids. Coronary Heart harm could additionally be reversible by stopping steroid use,
however different forms of treatment could also be essential relying on the extent and
length of the steroid use.
As you will note, one methodology particularly ought to never be used and comes with
a critically excessive threat of death. Every cycle is restricted to 4-6 weeks
and consists of just one steroid compound per cycle. T3
is a thyroid hormone that's naturally produced by the pituitary gland.
Its function is to manage the metabolism, and its primary use in performance settings is to facilitate fat burning.
People utilizing T3 medically do so for hypothyroidism, the place the physique doesn’t naturally make sufficient of the hormone.
Females will generally discover the other steroids detailed above are
better options if gaining lean muscle is the first goal. However, Winstrol is phenomenal in other
areas, particularly bettering efficiency and cutting
and weight-reduction plan, the place the main aim is to attain a very lean, dry, onerous, and
outlined physique.
Its decreased androgenic exercise makes it a preferred possibility
by women and has led to its investigation for treating catabolic situations in adults
and kids (Karim et al., 1973, Ring et al., 2020). Hormones corresponding to testosterone, 5-α-DHT,
and estradiol considerably affect biochemical and physiological pathways,
impacting cell construction and function (Berman et al., 2003, Sarrel, 2002, Bertin et al., 2014).
Though androgens play a task in estrogen synthesis, their unbiased actions additionally contribute to physiological results (Ceccarelli et al., 2022,
Labrie et al., 2001, Smith and Batur, 2001). The word "steroid" is
a broad-ranging time period used to explain any compound with a particular molecular structure—in this case, composed of four fused rings of 17 carbon atoms.
The function of steroids is to either keep the
integrity of a cell’s membrane or activate a receptor on a cell’s surface to manage how it behaves.
If indicators of jaundice start to appear, it's advised to hunt emergency medical help
as quickly as potential to avoid other health dangers. Performance-enhancing steroids are drugs that have both
physical and mental unwanted effects. | 2025-11-01 11:48:10 | 天田与土河
吴超 | [未验证] Kara | Ϣ超：ͬͯԫ�Ѡ…… 长�Ȑ�&#
Orals are a straightforward means to assist you attain your goals,
whether or not you need to build strength, lose fat, or preserve lean muscle.
We see such stacks resulting in further mass and energy gains, but
also elevated unwanted aspect effects. Stacking
a number of steroids collectively will exacerbate testosterone
suppression, cholesterol values, and blood pressure.
Sure, gaining lean muscle is certainly one of the primary causes females use Winstrol.
When a user comes off Dianabol, testosterone levels will turn out to be suppressed.
Nonetheless, it's authorized to obtain Dianabol (and different steroids) right
now in international locations similar to Mexico, where they
are often bought over the counter at a nearby Walmart store or local pharmacy.
Nevertheless, in 1990, 32 years after it got here to market, Dianabol was banned by the FDA following the
Anabolic Steroids Control Act. It grew to become illegal
in the US for non-medicinal causes, because of a new understanding
of the steroid’s potential to trigger extreme unwanted aspect effects.
Since AAS abuse is linked to several well being and legal
problems, understanding how lengthy steroids keep in your system is important to avoid steroid misuse and its
personal and legal penalties. Some customers might find Dianabol to be more practical than Anadrol
for increasing muscular energy; however, the difference can be
attributed to the particular person genetically
responding higher to Dianabol.
Long-term metabolites combined with long-term storage of samples additionally contribute to retrospective drug testing functionality.
Using superior isotope-ratio mass spectrometry, smaller hint amounts of metabolites could
be detected sooner than in the past46. The more advanced scientific
analysis methods now obtainable made this
attainable – and it sends an alarm out to anybody who thinks a
adverse result now means you’re in the clear endlessly. Anabolic
steroid testing requires human assets all through the testing
chain – from the preliminary pattern gathering to
the lab testing process and analyzing outcomes. This means it’s a resource-intensive and expensive process and susceptible to
human error at any point along the greatest way.
Stacking Anadrol, Trenbolone, and Testosterone is a very superior cycle,
with Trenbolone being an especially powerful steroid solely suitable for skilled customers.
Though Anadrol isn’t a beginner’s steroid, your first time utilizing it should be conservatively dosed no matter your expertise with any other AAS.
You’ll wish to consider your response as a
result of it can be variable amongst people (and monitoring your cardio and liver well being is beneficial with bloodwork).
Novices can begin at 50mg every day, although
even 25mg will produce noticeable results, often with minimal side effects.
Sure, these using Anadrol medically are not out
to bulk up, however they do have to put on weight rapidly, and it’s a testament to Anadrol’s excellent
mass-gaining results that such a minimal dose could be so effective.
Anadrol acts quick, so it helps you bulk up in a short time, whereas other injectable steroids in your cycle take
their time to start working. Most individuals will combine Anadrol with slow-acting injectable steroids in a stack
for that reason.
In a double-blind randomized-controlled trial, only certainly one of sixty one HIV patients receiving a high dosage of 100–150 mg oxymetholone (a 17α-alkylated
anabolic steroid) day by day developed jaundice over the course
of 16 weeks (107). In two double-blind randomized-controlled trials, hemodialysis sufferers received one hundred mg oxymetholone daily for 24 weeks and none of
these patients developed indicators of liver damage (108, 109).
The HAARLEM research also discovered no (sub)acute
medical signs of liver injury despite 67% of subjects reporting the utilization of oral AAS (39).
Novice bodybuilders usually contemplate whether to choose on oral or injectable anabolic steroids.
These drugs would possibly decrease the injury that occurs
to muscular tissues during a tough workout. Some individuals additionally
might like how their muscular tissues look when they take these drugs.
This would rely in your present food plan, your aims, and the
anabolic steroids taken. In our expertise, bulking steroid cycles are complemented by a small
calorie surplus diet. Equally, we've found that a small calorie deficit
is perfect for maximum fats loss and muscle retention, which complements chopping steroid cycles.
The structural modifications to testosterone by medicinal chemists had been designed to reinforce the protein anabolic impact relative to the androgenic impact.
Unfortunately, the anabolic effects could not be divorced completely from the androgenic effects, though some artificial steroids present a
outstanding dissociation, a minimum of primarily based on the myotrophic–androgenic index.
It may be argued that by right now's standards this in vivo strategy, which was developed over 50 years
in the past, is unsophisticated given the large developments in molecular biology since that time.
Alternatively, another choice is blast cycles or common brief cycles adopted by TRT for cruising.
As I’ve already detailed, blasting for size and power is
almost identical to using Anadrol or Dianabol as a kickstart in longer cycles.
What may change is your training and diet to tweak the results according to private targets.
You can’t go mistaken with Dianabol or Anadrol for a blasting phase or any
other compounds talked about above for cutting cycles.
You may use just about any quick injectable ester or oral steroid as a secondary compound in a 6 to 8-week cycle.
The typical choices are Anadrol, Winstrol, Trenbolone Acetate,
Masteron Prop, Dianabol, and Anavar.
Unlike Anadrol, which causes effects throughout the first few days of a
cycle, Deca, with its lengthy esters, is slow-acting.
Thus, Deca cycles are sometimes longer than these of Anadrol (usually 8–10 weeks),
as it takes longer to kick in. Anadrol is designed to stimulate urge
for food, enabling users to gain weight quickly. Nonetheless, if
doses are too excessive or the particular person doesn’t reply nicely, we generally discover that it decreases urge for food.
A person’s food plan is especially important when taking Anadrol in regard to water retention.
We find bodybuilders often report extreme bloating on Anadrol
when eating unhealthy meals within the off-season. An effective dose for ladies looking to build muscle
is 12.5–25 mg per day for 4–6 weeks.
However generally talking, there was some analysis which has shown that people who use anabolic steroids will
expertise an increase in muscle strength 9. There is a dosage-dependent effect of anabolic steroids
on muscle mass and energy sixty five, 66. The dose-response curve for anabolic steroids has not been clearly defined, but male athletes and body
builders usually use mega dosages 28.
This steroid is perfect for enhancing muscle definition and creating
that dry, shredded look. Winstrol reduces water retention,
giving your muscle tissue a harder, extra vascular look.
What units Tren apart is its capability to increase red blood cell manufacturing and
nutrient absorption, allowing your muscular tissues to get well quicker and grow stronger.
With the best stack, anabolic steroids can help you power through plateaus, recover quicker between exercises,
and sculpt the physique you’ve at all times needed.
References:
PedsElite
| 2025-11-01 11:48:07 | 天子锁钥之臣杨四畏--《明中军都督府右都督杨四畏墓志》考释
王成科 | [未验证] Lawerence | ε�ɿƣ�̸ͬؓԿ֮臣w
Corticosteroids is often a life altering and even lifesaving remedy,
but long-term use specifically can cause critical well being dangers.
Because corticosteroids ease swelling and irritation, docs often prescribe them to deal with conditions like bronchial
asthma, hives, or lupus. Corticosteroids can present substantial relief of signs, however include the danger of significant unwanted facet effects,
particularly if used long run.
Study more in regards to the results that performance-enhancing drugs
can have on well being. These three compounds are characterised mainly by their broad spectrum
results on anabolic and androgenic dependent capabilities, as nicely
as their interaction with aromatase. Our patients typically report Anavar and testosterone
undecanoate as the best oral steroids for beginners,
due to their mild nature and few unwanted effects. However,
if bodybuilders can afford it, undecanoate may produce equal outcomes to injectable
esters, being 20–30 lbs in muscle mass. This is contrary to different oral steroids,
that are C-17 alpha-alkylated and need to be consumed on an empty stomach for full effects.
This is as a outcome of of most orals being fat-soluble and thus susceptible to reduced absorption through the gastrointestinal tract.
Short-term use may cause weight achieve, puffy face, nausea, mood swings, and hassle sleeping.
You may additionally get thinner pores and skin, acne, uncommon hair growth, and spikes in blood sugar and blood stress.
As A Outcome Of corticosteroids flip down your immune system, taking them makes
you extra likely to get infections.
Antibiotics are substances or compounds that terminate bacterial progress or the bacteria themselves.
They are used to treat infections attributable to microorganisms like fungi and protozoa.
Steroids are fat-soluble organic compounds that virtually mimic the action of
the adrenal glands, the body’s strongest regulator of general metabolism.
Steroids are extremely potent in treating inflammatory and
allergic situations. There are capabilities that steroids can fulfill that antibiotics aren’t capable of,
and vice-versa.
Anabolic steroids you are taking by mouth are available
in pill or capsule form. Hone-affiliated medical
practices are independently owned and operated by licensed physicians who provide providers using
the Hone telehealth platform. For extra details about the
connection between Hone and the medical practices, click right here.
Research-backed instruments, techniques, and strategies to
maximise your well being, delivered to your inbox every Monday.
We source research from peer-reviewed medical journals, prime government agencies, leading tutorial establishments, and revered advocacy
groups. We additionally transcend the research, interviewing
high specialists of their fields to bring you essentially the most knowledgeable insights.
Every article is rigorously reviewed by medical specialists to make sure accuracy.
Thus, customers can anticipate a exceptional enhance in fat-free mass but in addition a major amount of (temporary) water retention. Anadrol
will cause hefty weight acquire, roughly 30 lbs from a cycle, as a result of it
being a moist steroid in addition to anabolic. Anadrol is also some of
the highly effective compounds for enhancing strength, making
it very fashionable among strongmen and powerlifters, in our experience.
Steroids are generally used in the fitness industry, but a regarding issue has emerged – the rise of counterfeit and ‘legal’ options that bear the names of real steroids.
In the world of bodybuilding, many people ask, "Which steroid is the strongest? Several factors affect a steroid’s energy and security for each person, making it a fancy matter.
If you live within the Denver space and are excited about testosterone substitute therapy, trust Dr. Kenton Bruice, MD, to provide protected and effective therapy by way of bioidentical hormone remedy. If you have an interest in testosterone alternative remedy to fight the consequences of low testosterone, bioidentical hormone alternative therapy (BHRT) may be the resolution you are looking for. Each NPP and Deca will completely require an intensive post-cycle remedy to get your hormones again on observe after use. The suppression from nandrolone is no joke, so recovery protocols aren’t optionally available right here. If androgenic signs begin to get out of hand, NPP’s short motion means you'll find a way to bail out fast. Both steroids provide the identical muscle-building potential, since they ship similar nandrolone. Its major aim is to revive regular testosterone ranges in people with low levels.
Superdrol has been likened within the bodybuilding community to dropping a bomb on your liver. This is correct in our expertise, combined with high ranges of cardiotoxicity. Below are the 7 greatest oral steroids utilized in bodybuilding right now for both bulking and chopping purposes. These are ranked approximately, regarding anabolic (muscle-building) power.
References:
Gestion de la fatigue keto
| 2025-11-01 11:47:48 |
第 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | 52 | 53 | 54 | 55 | 56 | 57 | 58 | 59 | 60 | 61 | 62 | 63 | 64 | 65 | 66 | 67 | 68 | 69 | 70 | 71 | 72 | 73 | 74 | 75 | 76 | 77 | 78 | 79 | 80 | 81 | 82 | 83 | 84 | 85 | 86 | 87 | 88 | 89 | 90 | 91 | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | 100 | 101 | 102 | 103 | 104 | 105 | 106 | 107 | 108 | 109 | 110 | 111 | 112 | 113 | 114 | 115 | 116 | 117 | 118 | 119 | 120 | 121 | 122 | 123 | 124 | 125 | 126 | 127 | 128 | 129 | 130 | 131 | 132 | 133 | 134 | 135 | 136 | 137 | 138 | 139 | 140 | 141 | 142 | 143 | 144 | 145 | 146 | 147 | 148 | 149 | 150 | 151 | 152 | 153 | 154 | 155 | 156 | 157 | 158 | 159 | 160 | 161 | 162 | 163 | 164 | 165 | 166 | 167 | 168 | 169 | 170 | 171 | 172 | 173 | 174 | 175 | 176 | 177 | 178 | 179 | 180 | 181 | 182 | 183 | 184 | 185 | 186 | 187 | 188 | 189 | 190 | 191 | 192 | 193 | 194 | 195 | 196 | 197 | 198 | 199 | 200 | 201 | 202 | 203 | 204 | 205 | 206 | 207 | 208 | 209 | 210 | 211 | 212 | 213 | 214 | 215 | 216 | 217 | 218 | 219 | 220 | 221 | 222 | 223 | 224 | 225 | 226 | 227 | 228 | 229 | 230 | 231 | 232 | 233 | 234 | 235 | 236 | 237 | 238 | 239 | 240 | 241 | 242 | 243 | 244 | 245 | 246 | 247 | 248 | 249 | 250 | 251 | 252 | 253 | 254 | 255 | 256 | 257 | 258 | 259 | 260 | 261 | 262 | 263 | 264 | 265 | 266 | 267 | 268 | 269 | 270 | 271 | 272 | 273 | 274 | 275 | 276 | 277 | 278 | 279 | 280 | 281 | 282 | 283 | 284 | 285 | 286 | 287 | 288 | 289 | 290 | 291 | 292 | 293 | 294 | 295 | 296 | 297 | 298 | 299 | 300 | 301 | 302 | 303 | 304 | 305 | 306 | 307 | 308 | 309 | 310 | 311 | 312 | 313 | 314 | 315 | 316 | 317 | 318 | 319 | 320 | 321 | 322 | 323 | 324 | 325 | 326 | 327 | 328 | 329 | 330 | 331 | 332 | 333 | 334 | 335 | 336 | 337 | 338 | 339 | 340 | 341 | 342 | 343 | 344 | 345 | 346 | 347 | 348 | 349 | 350 | 351 | 352 | 353 | 354 | 355 | 356 | 357 | 358 | 359 | 360 | 361 | 362 | 363 | 364 | 365 | 366 | 367 | 368 | 369 | 370 | 371 | 372 | 373 | 374 | 375 | 376 | 377 | 378 | 379 | 380 | 381 | 382 | 383 | 384 | 385 | 386 | 387 | 388 | 389 | 390 | 391 | 392 | 393 | 394 | 395 | 396 | 397 | 398 | 399 | 400 | 401 | 402 | 403 | 404 | 405 | 406 | 407 | 408 | 409 | 410 | 411 | 412 | 413 | 414 | 415 | 416 | 417 | 418 | 419 | 420 | 421 | 422 | 423 | 424 | 425 | 426 | 427 | 428 | 429 | 430 | 431 | 432 | 433 | 434 | 435 | 436 | 437 | 438 | 439 | 440 | 441 | 442 | 443 | 444 | 445 | 446 | 447 | 448 | 449 | 450 | 451 | 452 | 453 | 454 | 455 | 456 | 457 | 458 | 459 | 460 | 461 | 462 | 463 | 464 | 465 | 466 | 467 | 468 | 469 | 470 | 471 | 472 | 473 | 474 | 475 | 476 | 477 | 478 | 479 | 480 | 481 | 482 | 483 | 484 | 485 | 486 | 487 | 488 | 489 | 490 | 491 | 492 | 493 | 494 | 495 | 496 | 497 | 498 | 499 | 500 | 501 | 502 | 503 | 504 | 505 | 506 | 507 | 508 | 509 | 510 | 511 | 512 | 513 | 514 | 515 | 516 | 517 | 518 | 519 | 520 | 521 | 522 | 523 | 524 | 525 | 526 | 527 | 528 | 529 | 530 | 531 | 532 | 533 | 534 | 535 | 536 | 537 | 538 | 539 | 540 | 541 | 542 | 543 | 544 | 545 | 546 | 547 | 548 | 549 | 550 | 551 | 552 | 553 | 554 | 555 | 556 | 557 | 558 | 559 | 560 | 561 | 562 | 563 | 564 | 565 | 566 | 567 | 568 | 569 | 570 | 571 | 572 | 573 | 574 | 575 | 576 | 577 | 578 | 579 | 580 | 581 | 582 | 583 | 584 | 585 | 586 | 587 | 588 | 589 | 590 | 591 | 592 | 593 | 594 | 595 | 596 | 597 | 598 | 599 | 600 | 601 | 602 | 603 | 604 | 605 | 606 | 607 | 608 | 609 | 610 | 611 | 612 | 613 | 614 | 615 | 616 | 617 | 618 | 619 | 620 | 621 | 622 | 623 | 624 | 625 | 626 | 627 | 628 | 629 | 630 | 631 | 632 | 633 | 634 | 635 | 636 | 637 | 638 | 639 | 640 | 641 | 642 | 643 | 644 | 645 | 646 | 647 | 648 | 649 | 650 | 651 | 652 | 653 | 654 | 655 | 656 | 657 | 658 | 659 | 660 | 661 | 662 | 663 | 664 | 665 | 666 | 667 | 668 | 669 | 670 | 671 | 672 | 673 | 674 | 675 | 676 | 677 | 678 | 679 | 680 | 681 | 682 | 683 | 684 | 685 | 686 | 687 | 688 | 689 | 690 | 691 | 692 | 693 | 694 | 695 | 696 | 697 | 698 | 699 | 700 | 701 | 702 | 703 | 704 | 705 | 706 | 707 | 708 | 709 | 710 | 711 | 712 | 713 | 714 | 715 | 716 | 717 | 718 | 719 | 720 | 721 | 722 | 723 | 724 | 725 | 726 | 727 | 728 | 729 | 730 | 731 | 732 | 733 | 734 | 735 | 736 | 737 | 738 | 739 | 740 | 741 | 742 | 743 | 744 | 745 | 746 | 747 | 748 | 749 | 750 | 751 | 752 | 753 | 754 | 755 | 756 | 757 | 758 | 759 | 760 | 761 | 762 | 763 | 764 | 765 | 766 | 767 | 768 | 769 | 770 | 771 | 772 | 773 | 774 | 775 | 776 | 777 | 778 | 779 | 780 | 781 | 782 | 783 | 784 | 785 | 786 | 787 | 788 | 789 | 790 | 791 | 792 | 793 | 794 | 795 | 796 | 797 | 798 | 799 | 800 | 801 | 802 | 803 | 804 | 805 | 806 | 807 | 808 | 809 | 810 | 811 | 812 | 813 | 814 | 815 | 816 | 817 | 818 | 819 | 820 | 821 | 822 | 823 | 824 | 825 | 826 | 827 | 828 | 829 | 830 | 831 | 832 | 833 | 834 | 835 | 836 | 837 | 838 | 839 | 840 | 841 | 842 | 843 | 844 | 845 | 846 | 847 | 848 | 849 | 850 | 851 | 852 | 853 | 854 | 855 | 856 | 857 | 858 | 859 | 860 | 861 | 862 | 863 | 864 | 865 | 866 | 867 | 868 | 869 | 870 | 871 | 872 | 873 | 874 | 875 | 876 | 877 | 878 | 879 | 880 | 881 | 882 | 883 | 884 | 885 | 886 | 887 | 888 | 889 | 890 | 891 | 892 | 893 | 894 | 895 | 896 | 897 | 898 | 899 | 900 | 901 | 902 | 903 | 904 | 905 | 906 | 907 | 908 | 909 | 910 | 911 | 912 | 913 | 914 | 915 | 916 | 917 | 918 | 919 | 920 | 921 | 922 | 923 | 924 | 925 | 926 | 927 | 928 | 929 | 930 | 931 | 932 | 933 | 934 | 935 | 936 | 937 | 938 | 939 | 940 | 941 | 942 | 943 | 944 | 945 | 946 | 947 | 948 | 949 | 950 | 951 | 952 | 953 | 954 | 955 | 956 | 957 | 958 | 959 | 960 | 961 | 962 | 963 | 964 | 965 | 966 | 967 | 968 | 969 | 970 | 971 | 972 | 973 | 974 | 975 | 976 | 977 | 978 | 979 | 980 | 981 | 982 | 983 | 984 | 985 | 986 | 987 | 988 | 989 | 990 | 991 | 992 | 993 | 994 | 995 | 996 | 997 | 998 | 999 | 1000 | 1001 | 1002 | 1003 | 1004 | 1005 | 1006 | 1007 | 1008 | 1009 | 1010 | 1011 | 1012 | 1013 | 1014 | 1015 | 1016 | 1017 | 1018 | 1019 | 1020 | 1021 | 1022 | 1023 | 1024 | 1025 | 1026 | 1027 | 1028 | 1029 | 1030 | 1031 | 1032 | 1033 | 1034 | 1035 | 1036 | 1037 | 1038 | 1039 | 1040 | 1041 | 1042 | 1043 | 1044 | 1045 | 1046 | 1047 | 1048 | 1049 | 1050 | 1051 | 1052 | 1053 | 1054 | 1055 | 1056 | 1057 | 1058 | 1059 | 1060 | 1061 | 1062 | 1063 | 1064 | 1065 | 1066 | 1067 | 1068 | 1069 | 1070 | 1071 | 1072 | 1073 | 1074 | 1075 | 1076 | 1077 | 1078 | 1079 | 1080 | 1081 | 1082 | 1083 | 1084 | 1085 | 1086 | 1087 | 1088 | 1089 | 1090 | 1091 | 1092 | 1093 | 1094 | 1095 | 1096 | 1097 | 1098 | 1099 | 1100 | 1101 | 1102 | 1103 | 1104 | 1105 | 1106 | 1107 | 1108 | 1109 | 1110 | 1111 | 1112 | 1113 | 1114 | 1115 | 1116 | 1117 | 1118 | 1119 | 1120 | 1121 | 1122 | 1123 | 1124 | 1125 | 1126 | 1127 | 1128 | 1129 | 1130 | 1131 | 1132 | 1133 | 1134 | 1135 | 1136 | 1137 | 1138 | 1139 | 1140 | 1141 | 1142 | 1143 | 1144 | 1145 | 1146 | 1147 | 1148 | 1149 | 1150 | 1151 | 1152 | 1153 | 1154 | 1155 | 1156 | 1157 | 1158 | 1159 | 1160 | 1161 | 1162 | 1163 | 1164 | 1165 | 1166 | 1167 | 1168 | 1169 | 1170 | 1171 | 1172 | 1173 | 1174 | 1175 | 1176 | 1177 | 1178 | 1179 | 1180 | 1181 | 1182 | 1183 | 1184 | 1185 | 1186 | 1187 | 1188 | 1189 | 1190 | 1191 | 1192 | 1193 | 1194 | 1195 | 1196 | 1197 | 1198 | 1199 | 1200 | 1201 | 1202 | 1203 | 1204 | 1205 | 1206 | 1207 | 1208 | 1209 | 1210 | 1211 | 1212 | 1213 | 1214 | 1215 | 1216 | 1217 | 1218 | 1219 | 1220 | 1221 | 1222 | 1223 | 1224 | 1225 | 1226 | 1227 | 1228 | 1229 | 1230 | 1231 | 1232 | 1233 | 1234 | 1235 | 1236 | 1237 | 1238 | 1239 | 1240 | 1241 | 1242 | 1243 | 1244 | 1245 | 1246 | 1247 | 1248 | 1249 | 1250 | 1251 | 1252 | 1253 | 1254 | 1255 | 1256 | 1257 | 1258 | 1259 | 1260 | 1261 | 1262 | 1263 | 1264 | 1265 | 1266 | 1267 | 1268 | 1269 | 1270 | 1271 | 1272 | 1273 | 1274 | 1275 | 1276 | 1277 | 1278 | 1279 | 1280 | 1281 | 1282 | 1283 | 1284 | 1285 | 1286 | 1287 | 1288 | 1289 | 1290 | 1291 | 1292 | 1293 | 1294 | 1295 | 1296 | 1297 | 1298 | 1299 | 1300 | 1301 | 1302 | 1303 | 1304 | 1305 | 1306 | 1307 | 1308 | 1309 | 1310 | 1311 | 1312 | 1313 | 1314 | 1315 | 1316 | 1317 | 1318 | 1319 | 1320 | 1321 | 1322 | 1323 | 1324 | 1325 | 1326 | 1327 | 1328 | 1329 | 1330 | 1331 | 1332 | 1333 | 1334 | 1335 | 1336 | 1337 | 1338 | 1339 | 1340 | 1341 | 1342 | 1343 | 1344 | 1345 | 1346 | 1347 | 1348 | 1349 | 1350 | 1351 | 1352 | 1353 | 1354 | 1355 | 1356 | 1357 | 1358 | 1359 | 1360 | 1361 | 1362 | 1363 | 1364 | 1365 | 1366 | 1367 | 1368 | 1369 | 1370 | 1371 | 1372 | 1373 | 1374 | 1375 | 1376 | 1377 | 1378 | 1379 | 1380 | 1381 | 1382 | 1383 | 1384 | 1385 | 1386 | 1387 | 1388 | 1389 | 1390 | 1391 | 1392 | 1393 | 1394 | 1395 | 1396 | 1397 | 1398 | 1399 | 1400 | 1401 | 1402 | 1403 | 1404 | 1405 | 1406 | 1407 | 1408 | 1409 | 1410 | 1411 | 1412 | 1413 | 1414 | 1415 | 1416 | 1417 | 1418 | 1419 | 1420 | 1421 | 1422 | 1423 | 1424 | 1425 | 1426 | 1427 | 1428 | 1429 | 1430 | 1431 | 1432 | 1433 | 1434 | 1435 | 1436 | 1437 | 1438 | 1439 | 1440 | 1441 | 1442 | 1443 | 1444 | 1445 | 1446 | 1447 | 1448 | 1449 | 1450 | 1451 | 1452 | 1453 | 1454 | 1455 | 1456 | 1457 | 1458 | 1459 | 1460 | 1461 | 1462 | 1463 | 1464 | 1465 | 1466 | 1467 | 1468 | 1469 | 1470 | 1471 | 1472 | 1473 | 1474 | 1475 | 1476 | 1477 | 1478 | 1479 | 1480 | 1481 | 1482 | 1483 | 1484 | 1485 | 1486 | 1487 | 1488 | 1489 | 1490 | 1491 | 1492 | 1493 | 1494 | 1495 | 1496 | 1497 | 1498 | 1499 | 1500 | 1501 | 1502 | 1503 | 1504 | 1505 | 1506 | 1507 | 1508 | 1509 | 1510 | 1511 | 1512 | 1513 | 1514 | 1515 | 1516 | 1517 | 1518 | 1519 | 1520 | 1521 | 1522 | 1523 | 1524 | 1525 | 1526 | 1527 | 1528 | 1529 | 1530 | 1531 | 1532 | 1533 | 1534 | 1535 | 1536 | 1537 | 1538 | 1539 | 1540 | 1541 | 1542 | 1543 | 1544 | 1545 | 1546 | 1547 | 1548 | 1549 | 1550 | 1551 | 1552 | 1553 | 1554 | 1555 | 1556 | 1557 | 1558 | 1559 | 1560 | 1561 | 1562 | 1563 | 1564 | 1565 | 1566 | 1567 | 1568 | 1569 | 1570 | 1571 | 1572 | 1573 | 1574 | 1575 | 1576 | 1577 | 1578 | 1579 | 1580 | 1581 | 1582 | 1583 | 1584 | 1585 | 1586 | 1587 | 1588 | 1589 | 1590 | 1591 | 1592 | 1593 | 1594 | 1595 | 1596 | 1597 | 1598 | 1599 | 1600 | 1601 | 1602 | 1603 | 1604 | 1605 | 1606 | 1607 | 1608 | 1609 | 1610 | 1611 | 1612 | 1613 | 1614 | 1615 | 1616 | 1617 | 1618 | 1619 | 1620 | 1621 | 1622 | 1623 | 1624 | 1625 | 1626 | 1627 | 1628 | 1629 | 1630 | 1631 | 1632 | 1633 | 1634 | 1635 | 1636 | 1637 | 1638 | 1639 | 1640 | 1641 | 1642 | 1643 | 1644 | 1645 | 1646 | 1647 | 1648 | 1649 | 1650 | 1651 | 1652 | 1653 | 1654 | 1655 | 1656 | 1657 | 1658 | 1659 | 1660 | 1661 | 1662 | 1663 | 1664 | 1665 | 1666 | 1667 | 1668 | 1669 | 1670 | 1671 | 1672 | 1673 | 1674 | 1675 | 1676 | 1677 | 1678 | 1679 | 1680 | 1681 | 1682 | 1683 | 1684 | 1685 | 1686 | 1687 | 1688 | 1689 | 1690 | 1691 | 1692 | 1693 | 1694 | 1695 | 1696 | 1697 | 1698 | 1699 | 1700 | 1701 | 1702 | 1703 | 1704 | 1705 | 1706 | 1707 | 1708 | 1709 | 1710 | 1711 | 1712 | 1713 | 1714 | 1715 | 1716 | 1717 | 1718 | 1719 | 1720 | 1721 | 1722 | 1723 | 1724 | 1725 | 1726 | 1727 | 1728 | 1729 | 1730 | 1731 | 1732 | 1733 | 1734 | 1735 | 1736 | 1737 | 1738 | 1739 | 1740 | 1741 | 1742 | 1743 | 1744 | 1745 | 1746 | 1747 | 1748 | 1749 | 1750 | 1751 | 1752 | 1753 | 1754 | 1755 | 1756 | 1757 | 1758 | 1759 | 1760 | 1761 | 1762 | 1763 | 1764 | 1765 | 1766 | 1767 | 1768 | 1769 | 1770 | 1771 | 1772 | 1773 | 1774 | 1775 | 1776 | 1777 | 1778 | 1779 | 1780 | 1781 | 1782 | 1783 | 1784 | 1785 | 1786 | 1787 | 1788 | 1789 | 1790 | 1791 | 1792 | 1793 | 1794 | 1795 | 1796 | 1797 | 1798 | 1799 | 1800 | 1801 | 1802 | 1803 | 1804 | 1805 | 1806 | 1807 | 1808 | 1809 | 1810 | 1811 | 1812 | 1813 | 1814 | 1815 | 1816 | 1817 | 1818 | 1819 | 1820 | 1821 | 1822 | 1823 | 1824 | 1825 | 1826 | 1827 | 1828 | 1829 | 1830 | 1831 | 1832 | 1833 | 1834 | 1835 | 1836 | 1837 | 1838 | 1839 | 1840 | 1841 | 1842 | 1843 | 1844 | 1845 | 1846 | 1847 | 1848 | 1849 | 1850 | 1851 | 1852 | 1853 | 1854 | 1855 | 1856 | 1857 | 1858 | 1859 | 1860 | 1861 | 1862 | 1863 | 1864 | 1865 | 1866 | 1867 | 1868 | 1869 | 1870 | 1871 | 1872 | 1873 | 1874 | 1875 | 1876 | 1877 | 1878 | 1879 | 1880 | 1881 | 1882 | 1883 | 1884 | 1885 | 1886 | 1887 | 1888 | 1889 | 1890 | 1891 | 1892 | 1893 | 1894 | 1895 | 1896 | 1897 | 1898 | 1899 | 1900 | 1901 | 1902 | 1903 | 1904 | 1905 | 1906 | 1907 | 1908 | 1909 | 1910 | 1911 | 1912 | 1913 | 1914 | 1915 | 1916 | 1917 | 1918 | 1919 | 1920 | 1921 | 1922 | 1923 | 1924 | 1925 | 1926 | 1927 | 1928 | 1929 | 1930 | 1931 | 1932 | 1933 | 1934 | 1935 | 1936 | 1937 | 1938 | 1939 | 1940 | 1941 | 1942 | 1943 | 1944 | 1945 | 1946 | 1947 | 1948 | 1949 | 1950 | 1951 | 1952 | 1953 | 1954 | 1955 | 1956 | 1957 | 1958 | 1959 | 1960 | 1961 | 1962 | 1963 | 1964 | 1965 | 1966 | 1967 | 1968 | 1969 | 1970 | 1971 | 1972 | 1973 | 1974 | 1975 | 1976 | 1977 | 1978 | 1979 | 1980 | 1981 | 1982 | 1983 | 1984 | 1985 | 1986 | 1987 | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 | 2031 | 2032 | 2033 | 2034 | 2035 | 2036 | 2037 | 2038 | 2039 | 2040 | 2041 | 2042 | 2043 | 2044 | 2045 | 2046 | 2047 | 2048 | 2049 | 2050 | 2051 | 2052 | 2053 | 2054 | 2055 | 2056 | 2057 | 2058 | 2059 | 2060 | 2061 | 2062 | 2063 | 2064 | 2065 | 2066 | 2067 | 2068 | 2069 | 2070 | 2071 | 2072 | 2073 | 2074 | 2075 | 2076 | 2077 | 2078 | 2079 | 2080 | 2081 | 2082 | 2083 | 2084 | 2085 | 2086 | 2087 | 2088 | 2089 | 2090 | 2091 | 2092 | 2093 | 2094 | 2095 | 2096 | 2097 | 2098 | 2099 | 2100 | 2101 | 2102 | 2103 | 2104 | 2105 | 2106 | 2107 | 2108 | 2109 | 2110 | 2111 | 2112 | 2113 | 2114 | 2115 | 2116 | 2117 | 2118 | 2119 | 2120 | 2121 | 2122 | 2123 | 2124 | 2125 | 2126 | 2127 | 2128 | 2129 | 2130 | 2131 | 2132 | 2133 | 2134 | 2135 | 2136 | 2137 | 2138 | 2139 | 2140 | 2141 | 2142 | 2143 | 2144 | 2145 | 2146 | 2147 | 2148 | 2149 | 2150 | 2151 | 2152 | 2153 | 2154 | 2155 | 2156 | 2157 | 2158 | 2159 | 2160 | 2161 | 2162 | 2163 | 2164 | 2165 | 2166 | 2167 | 2168 | 2169 | 2170 | 2171 | 2172 | 2173 | 2174 | 2175 | 2176 | 2177 | 2178 | 2179 | 2180 | 2181 | 2182 | 2183 | 2184 | 2185 | 2186 | 2187 | 2188 | 2189 | 2190 | 2191 | 2192 | 2193 | 2194 | 2195 | 2196 | 2197 | 2198 | 2199 | 2200 | 2201 | 2202 | 2203 | 2204 | 2205 | 2206 | 2207 | 2208 | 2209 | 2210 | 2211 | 2212 | 2213 | 2214 | 2215 | 2216 | 2217 | 2218 | 2219 | 2220 | 2221 | 2222 | 2223 | 2224 | 2225 | 2226 | 2227 | 2228 | 2229 | 2230 | 2231 | 2232 | 2233 | 2234 | 2235 | 2236 | 2237 | 2238 | 2239 | 2240 | 2241 | 2242 | 2243 | 2244 | 2245 | 2246 | 2247 | 2248 | 2249 | 2250 | 2251 | 2252 | 2253 | 2254 | 2255 | 2256 | 2257 | 2258 | 2259 | 2260 | 2261 | 2262 | 2263 | 2264 | 2265 | 2266 | 2267 | 2268 | 2269 | 2270 | 2271 | 2272 | 2273 | 2274 | 2275 | 2276 | 2277 | 2278 | 2279 | 2280 | 2281 | 2282 | 2283 | 2284 | 2285 | 2286 | 2287 | 2288 | 2289 | 2290 | 2291 | 2292 | 2293 | 2294 | 2295 | 2296 | 2297 | 2298 | 2299 | 2300 | 2301 | 2302 | 2303 | 2304 | 2305 | 2306 | 2307 | 2308 | 2309 | 2310 | 2311 | 2312 | 2313 | 2314 | 2315 | 2316 | 2317 | 2318 | 2319 | 2320 | 2321 | 2322 | 2323 | 2324 | 2325 | 2326 | 2327 | 2328 | 2329 | 2330 | 2331 | 2332 | 2333 | 2334 | 2335 | 2336 | 2337 | 2338 | 2339 | 2340 | 2341 | 2342 | 2343 | 2344 | 2345 | 2346 | 2347 | 2348 | 2349 | 2350 | 2351 | 2352 | 2353 | 2354 | 2355 | 2356 | 2357 | 2358 | 2359 | 2360 | 2361 | 2362 | 2363 | 2364 | 2365 | 2366 | 2367 | 2368 | 2369 | 2370 | 2371 | 2372 | 2373 | 2374 | 2375 | 2376 | 2377 | 2378 | 2379 | 2380 | 2381 | 2382 | 2383 | 2384 | 2385 | 2386 | 2387 | 2388 | 2389 | 2390 | 2391 | 2392 | 2393 | 2394 | 2395 | 2396 | 2397 | 2398 | 2399 | 2400 | 2401 | 2402 | 2403 | 2404 | 2405 | 2406 | 2407 | 2408 | 2409 | 2410 | 2411 | 2412 | 2413 | 2414 | 2415 | 2416 | 2417 | 2418 | 2419 | 2420 | 2421 | 2422 | 2423 | 2424 | 2425 | 2426 | 2427 | 2428 | 2429 | 2430 | 2431 | 2432 | 2433 | 2434 | 2435 | 2436 | 2437 | 2438 | 2439 | 2440 | 2441 | 2442 | 2443 | 2444 | 2445 | 2446 | 2447 | 2448 | 2449 | 2450 | 2451 | 2452 | 2453 | 2454 | 2455 | 2456 | 2457 | 2458 | 2459 | 2460 | 2461 | 2462 | 2463 | 2464 | 2465 | 2466 | 2467 | 2468 | 2469 | 2470 | 2471 | 2472 | 2473 | 2474 | 2475 | 2476 | 2477 | 2478 | 2479 | 2480 | 2481 | 2482 | 2483 | 2484 | 2485 | 2486 | 2487 | 2488 | 2489 | 2490 | 2491 | 2492 | 2493 | 2494 | 2495 | 2496 | 2497 | 2498 | 2499 | 2500 | 2501 | 2502 | 2503 | 2504 | 2505 | 2506 | 2507 | 2508 | 2509 | 2510 | 2511 | 2512 | 2513 | 2514 | 2515 | 2516 | 2517 | 2518 | 2519 | 2520 | 2521 | 2522 | 2523 | 2524 | 2525 | 2526 | 2527 | 2528 | 2529 | 2530 | 2531 | 2532 | 2533 | 2534 | 2535 | 2536 | 2537 | 2538 | 2539 | 2540 | 2541 | 2542 | 2543 | 2544 | 2545 | 2546 | 2547 | 2548 | 2549 | 2550 | 2551 | 2552 | 2553 | 2554 | 2555 | 2556 | 2557 | 2558 | 2559 | 2560 | 2561 | 2562 | 2563 | 2564 | 2565 | 2566 | 2567 | 2568 | 2569 | 2570 | 2571 | 2572 | 2573 | 2574 | 2575 | 2576 | 2577 | 2578 | 2579 | 2580 | 2581 | 2582 | 2583 | 2584 | 2585 | 2586 | 2587 | 2588 | 2589 | 2590 | 2591 | 2592 | 2593 | 2594 | 2595 | 2596 | 2597 | 2598 | 2599 | 2600 | 2601 | 2602 | 2603 | 2604 | 2605 | 2606 | 2607 | 2608 | 2609 | 2610 | 2611 | 2612 | 2613 | 2614 | 2615 | 2616 | 2617 | 2618 | 2619 | 2620 | 2621 | 2622 | 2623 | 2624 | 2625 | 2626 | 2627 | 2628 | 2629 | 2630 | 2631 | 2632 | 2633 | 2634 | 2635 | 2636 | 2637 | 2638 | 2639 | 2640 | 2641 | 2642 | 2643 | 2644 | 2645 | 2646 | 2647 | 2648 | 2649 | 2650 | 2651 | 2652 | 2653 | 2654 | 2655 | 2656 | 2657 | 2658 | 2659 | 2660 | 2661 | 2662 | 2663 | 2664 | 2665 | 2666 | 2667 | 2668 | 2669 | 2670 | 2671 | 2672 | 2673 | 2674 | 2675 | 2676 | 2677 | 2678 | 2679 | 2680 | 2681 | 2682 | 2683 | 2684 | 2685 | 2686 | 2687 | 2688 | 2689 | 2690 | 2691 | 2692 | 2693 | 2694 | 2695 | 2696 | 2697 | 2698 | 2699 | 2700 | 2701 | 2702 | 2703 | 2704 | 2705 | 2706 | 2707 | 2708 | 2709 | 2710 | 2711 | 2712 | 2713 | 2714 | 2715 | 2716 | 2717 | 2718 | 2719 | 2720 | 2721 | 2722 | 2723 | 2724 | 2725 | 2726 | 2727 | 2728 | 2729 | 2730 | 2731 | 2732 | 2733 | 2734 | 2735 | 2736 | 2737 | 2738 | 2739 | 2740 | 2741 | 2742 | 2743 | 2744 | 2745 | 2746 | 2747 | 2748 | 2749 | 2750 | 2751 | 2752 | 2753 | 2754 | 2755 | 2756 | 2757 | 2758 | 2759 | 2760 | 2761 | 2762 | 2763 | 2764 | 2765 | 2766 | 2767 | 2768 | 2769 | 2770 | 2771 | 2772 | 2773 | 2774 | 2775 | 2776 | 2777 | 2778 | 2779 | 2780 | 2781 | 2782 | 2783 | 2784 | 2785 | 2786 | 2787 | 2788 | 2789 | 2790 | 2791 | 2792 | 2793 | 2794 | 2795 | 2796 | 2797 | 2798 | 2799 | 2800 | 2801 | 2802 | 2803 | 2804 | 2805 | 2806 | 2807 | 2808 | 2809 | 2810 | 2811 | 2812 | 2813 | 2814 | 2815 | 2816 | 2817 | 2818 | 2819 | 2820 | 2821 | 2822 | 2823 | 2824 | 2825 | 2826 | 2827 | 2828 | 2829 | 2830 | 2831 | 2832 | 2833 | 2834 | 2835 | 2836 | 2837 | 2838 | 2839 | 2840 | 2841 | 2842 | 2843 | 2844 | 2845 | 2846 | 2847 | 2848 | 2849 | 2850 | 2851 | 2852 | 2853 | 2854 | 2855 | 2856 | 2857 | 2858 | 2859 | 2860 | 2861 | 2862 | 2863 | 2864 | 2865 | 2866 | 2867 | 2868 | 2869 | 2870 | 2871 | 2872 | 2873 | 2874 | 2875 | 2876 | 2877 | 2878 | 2879 | 2880 | 2881 | 2882 | 2883 | 2884 | 2885 | 2886 | 2887 | 2888 | 2889 | 2890 | 2891 | 2892 | 2893 | 2894 | 2895 | 2896 | 2897 | 2898 | 2899 | 2900 | 2901 | 2902 | 2903 | 2904 | 2905 | 2906 | 2907 | 2908 | 2909 | 2910 | 2911 | 2912 | 2913 | 2914 | 2915 | 2916 | 2917 | 2918 | 2919 | 2920 | 2921 | 2922 | 2923 | 2924 | 2925 | 2926 | 2927 | 2928 | 2929 | 2930 | 2931 | 2932 | 2933 | 2934 | 2935 | 2936 | 2937 | 2938 | 2939 | 2940 | 2941 | 2942 | 2943 | 2944 | 2945 | 2946 | 2947 | 2948 | 2949 | 2950 | 2951 | 2952 | 2953 | 2954 | 2955 | 2956 | 2957 | 2958 | 2959 | 2960 | 2961 | 2962 | 2963 | 2964 | 2965 | 2966 | 2967 | 2968 | 2969 | 2970 | 2971 | 2972 | 2973 | 2974 | 2975 | 2976 | 2977 | 2978 | 2979 | 2980 | 2981 | 2982 | 2983 | 2984 | 2985 | 2986 | 2987 | 2988 | 2989 | 2990 | 2991 | 2992 | 2993 | 2994 | 2995 | 2996 | 2997 | 2998 | 2999 | 3000 | 3001 | 3002 | 3003 | 3004 | 3005 | 3006 | 3007 | 3008 | 3009 | 3010 | 3011 | 3012 | 3013 | 3014 | 3015 | 3016 | 3017 | 3018 | 3019 | 3020 | 3021 | 3022 | 3023 | 3024 | 3025 | 3026 | 3027 | 3028 | 3029 | 3030 | 3031 | 3032 | 3033 | 3034 | 3035 | 3036 | 3037 | 3038 | 3039 | 3040 | 3041 | 3042 | 3043 | 3044 | 3045 | 3046 | 3047 | 3048 | 3049 | 3050 | 3051 | 3052 | 3053 | 3054 | 3055 | 3056 | 3057 | 3058 | 3059 | 3060 | 3061 | 3062 | 3063 | 3064 | 3065 | 3066 | 3067 | 3068 | 3069 | 3070 | 3071 | 3072 | 3073 | 3074 | 3075 | 3076 | 3077 | 3078 | 3079 | 3080 | 3081 | 3082 | 3083 | 3084 | 3085 | 3086 | 3087 | 3088 | 3089 | 3090 | 3091 | 3092 | 3093 | 3094 | 3095 | 3096 | 3097 | 3098 | 3099 | 3100 | 3101 | 3102 | 3103 | 3104 | 3105 | 3106 | 3107 | 3108 | 3109 | 3110 | 3111 | 3112 | 3113 | 3114 | 3115 | 3116 | 3117 | 3118 | 3119 | 3120 | 3121 | 3122 | 3123 | 3124 | 3125 | 3126 | 3127 | 3128 | 3129 | 3130 | 3131 | 3132 | 3133 | 3134 | 3135 | 3136 | 3137 | 3138 | 3139 | 3140 | 3141 | 3142 | 3143 | 3144 | 3145 | 3146 | 3147 | 3148 | 3149 | 3150 | 3151 | 3152 | 3153 | 3154 | 3155 | 3156 | 3157 | 3158 | 3159 | 3160 | 3161 | 3162 | 3163 | 3164 | 3165 | 3166 | 3167 | 3168 | 3169 | 3170 | 3171 | 3172 | 3173 | 3174 | 3175 | 3176 | 3177 | 3178 | 3179 | 3180 | 3181 | 3182 | 3183 | 3184 | 3185 | 3186 | 3187 | 3188 | 页 |
欢迎您访问长城小站!! 
您当前的位置：长城专题 -> 长城数据库系统 -> 长城文献资料库
图标的图书，表明在库中有全文。
图标的图书，表明有外部参考链接。
图标的图书，表明在库中有PDF下载。
