| |
长城文献资料库 分类浏览：学科 地域 发表时间 年代 作者 期刊 排行 最新评论 最新更新最新评论| 文献标题 | 评论者 | 评论内容 | 评论时间 |
|---|
伊比利亚文献对长城早期记载一瞥
金国平、吴志良 | [未验证] Felix | ���健�Ϣ־|：Ӂ�ɀ&#
Subcutaneous or just sub-cut injections are the place the needle is
placed into the pores and skin layers. It’s
a really shallow injection and one that is rarely used for anabolic steroids.
Once More, there's a danger of abscess formation with this type of injection if it’s not accomplished
correctly. These intramuscular injections guarantee the answer is entered deep into the muscle,
which might journey steadily and safely through smaller veins
rather than being placed directly into the bloodstream. The steroids are quickly
absorbed, and fast-acting steroids can begin working as quickly as you count on them to.
Behind each statistic and examine lies a person – someone’s baby, associate,
or friend – grappling with the results of their choices.
As we replicate on the advanced relationship between anabolic steroids and psychological well being, it’s essential to recollect the human stories behind the statistics.
For every sculpted physique plastered throughout social media, there are countless people battling
the psychological aftermath of their quest for
perfection.
Growing the load slowly throughout every session will significantly scale back the danger of injury, giving more time for
the physique to adapt to speedy physiological modifications.
Steroids’ anabolism is rooted in their ability to dramatically improve protein synthesis and nitrogen retention inside the muscle cells.
For the the rest of us, perhaps essentially the most valuable lesson we will take from this exploration is the significance of self-acceptance and holistic well-being.
True strength isn’t just about bulging muscular tissues or spectacular lift numbers
– it’s about cultivating resilience, each bodily and psychological.
This signifies that, not solely are you capable to crave the drugs,
but you’ll also endure from withdrawal signs when you suddenly stop taking them.
Anabolic steroids are medication designed to replicate the consequences of the male sex
hormone, testosterone. These steroids are a prescription-only medicines that may provide some legitimate medical makes use of.
These side effects are not relevant to all anabolic steroids or all customers, as
genetics will typically dictate side effects (and severity).
Excessive dosages and excessive cycles will exacerbate
any opposed reactions (8). Lee Priest, a former Mr. Olympia pro, is an efficient example of a bodybuilder who retains muscle mass regardless of not at present using anabolic steroids.
However, Lee has continued to train often as he’s aged, thus taking advantage of the
extra muscle nuclei he accumulated from exogenous steroid use.
Nutritional/dietary dietary supplements are substances bought legally from nutritional shops or via the internet
which are often taken together with other APEDs. Get
entry to your health report, communicate with your doctor, see
take a look at outcomes, pay your invoice and more. You can get health information and data from
The Science of Health blog delivered right to your inbox every month.
Plyometrics are resistance workouts that use quick bursts of
high-impact train to build power and improve speed, steadiness and agility.
When docs prescribe steroid medication, they all the time advise coming off
the medication slowly by steadily decreasing the dose.
Alterations in telomerase activity are on the foundation of
stanozolol-induced DNA-damaging results, and AAS
effects are linked to dosage and frequency of administration (kara et al., 2017).
In girls, AAS use has been linked to cardiovascular impairments, with studies in feminine rats displaying reduced vascular reactivity, suggesting sex-specific vulnerabilities.
In goal tissues, the 5-alpha-reductase enzyme transforms circulating testosterone into 5-α-DHT, which is predominantly aromatized by the aromatase enzyme into
estradiol (Smith and Batur, 2001). "We have to coach individuals," says
Thomas O’Connor, aka the "Anabolic Doc," who makes a speciality of patients
looking for restoration from anabolic-steroid use.
O’Connor doesn't advocate using any of these medication and has dozens of horror stories from patients to
support his position—including, in excessive instances, dying.
And Fakhri Mubarak, a prep coach who speaks brazenly about his own steroid use,
strongly recommends finding a health professional you'll have the
ability to work with should you do select to make use of performance enhancers.
Individuals will attend follow-up appointments and take periodic blood
checks to observe for unwanted effects. As
it's not legal for athletic functions, there isn't any legal control over the
standard or use of drugs offered for this objective.
Others, corresponding to nandrolone (Anadur), have no therapeutic use,
but athletes use them.
When males abuse these medication, they may expertise shrinking
testicles, enlarged male breast tissue (gynecomastia), sterility, and elevated dangers for prostate most cancers.
For men and women, the medicine might elevate blood
levels of cholesterol and increase risks for heart attacks and strokes.
Psychiatric results could happen, similar to excessive anger generally identified as "roid rage." If an addicted person stops taking the drugs, withdrawal syndromes could
be severe with mood swings and, especially, suicidal depression. The growth of nonsteroidal selective
androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) may provide higher dissociation of organic results than anabolic steroids and presumably even permit the
therapeutic focusing on of specific tissues
and organs. In anticipation of the potential of such agonists for performance enhancement in sport,
SARMs have been added to the World Anti-Doping Company's
(WADA's) 2008 record of prohibited substances in sport, regardless
of none but being out there available on the market. Anabolic-androgenic steroids are essentially the most broadly
used performance enhancing medicine amongst athletes of each sexes and their illicit use has been rising worldwide.
Whereas they are often helpful for acute
or extreme persistent inflammatory conditions, these medications are additionally infamous for their
adverse side effects over time. Corticosteroids, on the other hand, are medicines used to
assist treat a variety of acute and persistent health circumstances.
They lower inflammation in the physique and may also work as immunosuppressants and vasoconstrictors.
This can contribute to the development of extreme acne in AAS customers, especially at greater doses.
In summary, excessive doses of AAS have the potential
to induce neuropsychiatric symptoms, though the overall prevalence of such symptoms is comparatively low.
It is important to note that a subset of AAS abusers may already
have pre-existing psychiatric circumstances, which
can complicate the causal relationship between AAS abuse and neuropsychiatric
results. Subsequently, whereas neuropsychiatric signs can happen with AAS use, it is essential to consider
particular person components and pre-existing psychiatric morbidity when evaluating the connection between AAS abuse and these results.
As A Outcome Of their use can affect the end result of sports competitions,
anabolic steroids have been banned by all newbie
and professional sports activities organizations.
Generally, steroids are prescribed to counteract the losing away of the physique's muscle mass as a result of diseases like
some cancers and HIV infection. Some people
who misuse anabolic steroid report that when they
are taking steroids, they are more prone to
have interaction in aggressive behavior such as combating, armed robbery, burglary, theft,
and vandalism than they are when they're drug-free.
References:
PedsElite
| 2025-11-01 08:52:52 | 明代北京长城的历史沿革——以蓟城长城为便
董焱 | [未验证] Maricruz | 董퍣�ķ�覇�长�ǵŀꊡ
In the HAARLEM study, the prevalence of self-reported acne increased from
10% at the start of a cycle to 52% at the end, whereas visible examination by a
doctor confirmed a smaller improve from 13% to 29% (39). The discrepancy could be largely
ascribed to AAS customers classifying a couple of pimples as pimples.
The larger percentage of self-reported acne may
also reflect an incidence of this aspect impact at different time limits
during AAS use, which might have been missed by visual
examination on the finish of a cycle. The stimulatory effect on erythropoiesis is
dose-dependent – a minimum of beyond 300 mg testosterone
enanthate weekly – and is more pronounced in older
men (42). It takes a number of months of testosterone therapy earlier than hematocrit stabilizes, with one (uncontrolled)
trial reporting a continuous enhance in hematocrit as a lot as 12 months in older males receiving testosterone (43).
Yes, TRT is authorized in Australia to patients
which are recognized with low testosterone by way
of a blood test. We only prescribe testosterone substitute therapy to sufferers who genuinely
need it - confirmed by low testosterone levels in a blood check and experiencing a decrease
high quality of life from symptoms. These substances are often sought for their muscle-building and performance-enhancing effects however are illegal to
possess with no valid medical prescription. For those who
are excited about using authorized steroids, it is very important do so responsibly.
Consulting with a healthcare skilled can help to make certain that
the product is suitable for individual needs and is being utilized in a secure
and effective method.
All of them are banned in Australia, the United States,
the United Kingdom, Canada, and most different nations. These medications are based mostly on testosterone and different androgen steroid hormones such as nandrolone or dihydrotestosterone (DHT).
They are effective for males with issues of sexual function, generally used as osteoporosis, as urge for food stimulants, and so on. In the past androgens have been used in the treatment
of anemia, but now there are more efficient methods.
In these circumstances, the constructive effect clearly
exceeds the chance to the affected person. The validity of the utilization of any medication is dependent upon the ratio
of practical profit and side effects. Safe medicines don't happen, for instance, acetaminophen (paracetamol) causes some very severe
poisoning; aspirin sometimes causes allergic reactions, destructive for the pores and
skin.
Accredited training activities, evidence-based medical sources and
greatest practice tips. MensLine Australia
is a phone and online counselling service for men with emotional well being and relationship concerns.
People can turn into depending on steroids, especially when they’re relied on for confidence and shallowness.
By selecting a reputable supplier like Gearmaniac, you'll have the ability to ensure that you’re getting real, high-quality products delivered discreetly and securely to the
doorstep. Say goodbye to uncertainties and trust Gearmaniac for all of your steroid
wants in Australia. Are you seeking to improve your physique and performance with steroids in Australia?
With the increasing reputation of Phil Heath bodybuilding tips for beginners
and health tradition, finding reliable sources to buy steroids on-line has become essential.
In this comprehensive guide, we’ll discover everything you have to learn about purchasing steroids in Australia,
including legal concerns, trusted sources, and high steroid brands.
The membrane-bound enzyme GGT is expressed within the kidneys, pancreas, spleen, lungs, mind,
intestines, coronary heart, prostate and liver –
the place it is mainly expressed in areas which are wealthy
in biliary epithelial cells (112). An improve in GGT is a delicate measure of cholestatic liver disease (113).
The collective enhance in these serum markers ought to
thus be interpreted as an indication of liver injury, even within the presence of concomitant muscular train.
It is feasible that the higher dosages used, use of varied AAS, or completely different strategies used to measure CEC (which isn't standardized), would
possibly underlie these differences. The detrimental effects of these seemingly small increases
in blood pressure should not be underestimated.
Whereas it is onerous to estimate their influence on CVD threat, one could
attempt to quantify it by trying at the – well-researched –
results of blood pressure-lowering medicine. Each 10 mmHg discount in systolic
blood stress reduces the danger of main cardiovascular occasions,
coronary coronary heart illness, stroke, coronary heart failure, and all-cause mortality by
20%, 17%, 27%, 28%, and 13%, respectively (95).
Athletes take human growth hormone, additionally referred to as somatotropin, to build
more muscle and do higher at their sports activities.
But research do not clearly prove that human growth hormone boosts power
or helps folks exercise longer. Technological advances
have led to more delicate measurements of cardiac construction and function.
As Quickly As the receptors are stimulated, a domino
impact of metabolic reactions takes place as the drug instructs the physique to increase muscle tissue manufacturing.
Anabolic steroids work by imitating the properties of naturally occurring hormones, Their chemical composition is just like testosterone and might activate the body’s
testosterone receptors. Mixing steroids with different medication can have unpredictable effects and
improve the risk of hurt. | 2025-11-01 08:52:27 | 天田与土河
吴超 | [未验证] Daniela | Ϣ超：ͬͯԫ�Ѡ…… 长�Ȑ�&#
As AAS use is seen negatively, a non-judgmental wholesome and trusting
physician–patient relationship is significant in the administration. The affected person must be counselled to stop
all AAS as well as any self-administered ancillary medicine and
dietary supplements. For patients with histopathological abnormalities (namely, sperm maturation arrest),
IVF-ICSI has been used but there isn't a revealed
knowledge confirming the success.
This article additionally underscores the need for evidence-based guidelines to mitigate testosterone abuse
and shield male reproductive health effectively. Testosterone
has been used therapeutically as androgen alternative therapy in males with major
hypogonadism as properly as to produce stimulatory effects on muscle, bone and blood.
But it has been misused additionally by over prescribing for
unproven medical conditions like ‘andropause’ for growing older
males even with paucity of proof for security and efficacy.
This won't solely help maintain a healthy weight but in addition help improve the quality of
eggs and sperm. Thirty-one males enrolled within the HAARLEM study have been subjected to 3D
echocardiography before, on the finish, and a median of 8 months after the
beginning of their self-administered AAS cycles (97).
The potential nature, complete evaluation and lengthy follow-up make the outcomes of this
trial significantly interesting. The findings had been largely similar to what had been seen in earlier methodologically weaker studies.
LVEF decreased by 5%-point and left atrium volume, LV mass, posterior wall thickness
and interventricular septum thickness have been elevated
on the finish of the AAS cycle (Figure 6).
As Quickly As steroids are stopped, the body begins to get back on track to
producing its own hormones once more, however this recovery can take a
while. First, most of the included research have been observational,
which makes it difficult to ascertain causation definitively.
The AAS use was unregulated and unsupervised AAS
use and subjects in some research resorted
to polypharmacy.
Semen analysis testing is normally carried out three months after initially starting
the hormonal remedies (though it could possibly take 6-12+ months for sperm
to return). Natesto- 5.5mg/pump- starting dose 11mg (1 pump every nostril) 3 times
a day a minimum of 6-8 hours aside. Brief appearing so appears to have much less impression on gonadotropins and due
to this fact sperm production no less than brief term.
Testosterone substitute (also called supplemental testosterone) has a robust negative
impact on sperm production. The most likely outcomes are a very low sperm concentration or a complete absence of sperm from the semen. Going by way of cancer is troublesome enough with out worrying about
your future fertility, too. Unfortunately, all
chemotherapy medications used to treat cancer can significantly decrease or stop sperm manufacturing all together.
When this happens, the quantity of testosterone in the testicles is
extraordinarily low, despite normal or very high
ranges within the bloodstream. The mixture causes the testicles to
shrink and to provide small if any quantity of sperm. In certain cases or side effects,
suppressing the immune response can have a unfavorable influence as a
end result of it makes the physique more
vulnerable to infections.
This condition is particularly difficult to treat and sometimes requires intensive medical intervention to restore fertility,
if attainable. Additionally, maintaining a wholesome
way of life with common train and a balanced food plan supports total reproductive well being.
Unfortunately, they are usually abused by athletes and others making an attempt to extend muscle mass quickly.
The importance of engaging looks by the society since time immemorial often precipitates the AAS abuse as muscular
energy and bulk are thought of essential for a charming look [38].
The strain on young athletes to enhance their performance and remain profitable to extend their profession usually compels them
towards AAS abuse.
AAS inhibit the body’s physiologic endogenous testosterone synthesis, and
persistent ASA also has adverse effects on a number of
organ systems(10). Opposed results in males
embody sexual dysfunction, cardiovascular disease, endocrine abnormalities, psychiatric
dysfunction, and hepatotoxicity(11–13). Impacts
on sexual operate embrace testicular atrophy, lowered sperm rely, impotence, and
infertility(14). Currently, each the American Urological Affiliation and the Endocrine
Society suggest towards testosterone therapy in men who want to protect their fertility(15,16).
To one of the best of our knowledge, this is the first examine analyzing
danger components for relapse of AAS use amongst males with infertility.
References:
Consejos para un uso responsable de Dianabol
| 2025-11-01 08:51:07 | 天子锁钥之臣杨四畏--《明中军都督府右都督杨四畏墓志》考释
王成科 | [未验证] Traci | ε�ɿƣ�̸ͬؓԿ֮臣w
Echocardiographic research present that supraphysiologic doses of AAS result in each morphologic
and useful modifications of the center. These embody a bent to provide myocardial hypertrophy,
a potential improve of heart chamber diameters, and most probably
a subclinically compromised left ventricular contractile function. These adjustments result in left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH),
cardiomegaly and improve the risk of persistent coronary heart failure, hypertension and arrhythmias.
It must be famous that, the opposed results in coronary heart structure and function are expected after extended AAS abuse.
Trenbolone acetate is an artificial anabolic steroid of the
nandrolone group. Despite being unlawful for human use in many international locations,
trenbolone is used by some individuals for rising muscularity, energy and fat loss.
Half of its enchantment is resistance to aromatisation, which implies it
doesn’t convert to estrogen in the body.
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)—the bad—cholesterol levels increase, and
high-density lipoprotein (HDL)—the good—cholesterol levels decrease.
Severe cardiovascular issues, including hypertension,heart assault,
and blood clots, are reported with the use of anabolic steroids.
Nevertheless, these results typically come at the worth
of a broad range of doubtless dangerous medical conditions.
One Other study showed that 35% of the users examined had been found to be positive for 2 or more
AASs in connection with autopsy. Moreover, an association between the utilization of AASs and different illicit
medicine, similar to cannabis, cocaine, amphetamines or LSD, was
observed. The combination of bodily exercise and prolonged/chronic or previous misuse of AASs
results in a predisposition to totally different patterns of
myocardial injury and sudden cardiac dying [35].
According to a double-blind human study, low dose administration of methyltestosterone is considered 40 mg/d
and excessive dose is 240 mg/d [19]. In this study, 3 days’ administration of high doses of
methyltestosterone led to neuropsychiatric effects.
Another study discovered psychological results after 14 weeks of 500 mg administration of testosterone
cypionate for week [18]. Moreover, a recent study discovered that in a population of AASs customers the weekly
dose assumption ranged 75–1550 mg/week [20].
In this regard, additional research are needed to evaluate the epidemiology
of delinquent behavior related to AAS assumption and
the connection with other drug consumption. Side effects of
creatine can embody gaining weight and cramps in the belly or muscle tissue.
There are "natural" dietary supplements legally offered over the counter which are marketed for athletic performance.
Nevertheless, these aren't regulated, and so they
can nonetheless trigger unwanted aspect effects. Additionally, you want
to speak with a health care provider in case you are misusing these
steroids and you're feeling as if you might
have an habit to them. They can advocate a therapy plan to help you safely cease taking steroids whereas also addressing issues that can help you not use them in the
future.
Due to Επίδραση του Deca στη μυϊκή αποκατάσταση Durabolin’s low androgenicity, users can experience less nitric oxide production, which is
crucial for optimum blood flow. Thus, erections may turn out to
be less frequent or tougher to achieve or sustain. Oral steroids typically wouldn't have a positive reputation in relation to liver well being.
This is as a result of orals are C-17 alpha-alkylated, that means they're processed by the liver earlier than entering the
bloodstream. Consequently, the organ turns into stressed, with ALT and AST liver
enzymes rising. In most bodybuilders who make the most
of moderate to excessive dosages of testosterone, blood pressure will rise,
with the severity relying on the dose and cycle period.
There are a couple of reasons why testosterone doesn’t negatively affect blood pressure significantly.
Most AAS cycles comprise a quantity of brokers, used concurrently, known as ‘the stack’.
A stack usually contains an injectable testosterone
ester, principally mixed with nandrolone, trenbolone, drostanolone and/or boldenone esters.
In first customers or prudent individuals, cycles generally
comprise only oral anabolic steroids, principally a single agent, in a low to moderate every day dose (20–50 mg).
Extra frequent, oral anabolic steroids are added to
injectable ones, as an example, in the first few weeks of the cycle, referred to as
a ‘kick start’. Some have adopted the so-called ‘blast and cruise’ strategy, by which
cycles with a quantity of high dose AAS are alternated with
a lower maintenance dose, to forestall muscle loss in between cycles.
Primobolan reveals a strong anabolic effect, which is the primary reason it's used by athletes and bodybuilders.
As if that’s not enough, you will get away with no PCT and infrequently no need for
any ancillary compounds. Combining the primary and secondary
compounds into a standard cycle stack makes for a robust cycle.
Nonetheless, depending in your experience degree, you would possibly think about
stacking extra compounds for more vital outcomes.
In the U.S. anabolic steroids are categorized as Schedule III managed substances by
the use of the Steroid Management Act of 1990.
Those who are in violation of this legislation could face
harsh penalties that may include heavy fines and prison. The laws revolving around anabolic steroids
can differ tremendously from one nation to the following, however the U.S.
is about as strict as it will get. There are countries which are similar to the united states regarding steroid law, but others are much
more lenient. Before you purchase Primobolan or any anabolic steroid,
it is imperative you completely perceive the law as it pertains to where you live.
Regardless of the regulation and nation in question, most all will
frown on a web-based buy.
Even short‑term use can elevate blood strain and shift ldl cholesterol balance—raising LDL ("bad" cholesterol)
while decreasing HDL ("good" cholesterol).
Those adjustments set the stage for coronary heart problems down the line, even when you really feel fine now.
Some steroid users experience sudden, extreme bouts of aggression, generally generally
recognized as "roid rage".[10] During this era, they may perform violent
acts that might in any other case be out of character.
Once the testosterone receptors are stimulated, a domino effect of metabolic reactions takes place as the drug instructs
the physique to extend muscle tissue manufacturing. These
doses are much higher than these prescribed by medical
doctors for medical causes. In addition to reproductive and neurodevelopmental impacts, metabolic alterations have also been noticed.
These animals additionally exhibited significant alterations in plasma
concentrations of aldosterone, epinephrine, glucose, sodium,
and chloride ions, along with increased imply arterial pressure (King et al.,
2007). | 2025-11-01 08:50:46 | 西平亭考辨
巢生祥 | [未验证] Harriett | 巢ʺЩ：Ϸƽͤ考�䠡� 长�Ȑ
Indeed, the role of 5α-reductase seems to play a crucial part in figuring
out the tissue-specific expression of SARMs (Gao and Dalton, 2007a).
Notwithstanding, the clinical applications of steroidal androgens
are typically restricted by poor tissue selectivity, pharmacokinetics and
toxicity, and it's hoped that the amenability to structural
modifications of nonsteroidal ligands will overcome these limitations.
The current nonsteroidal SARM pharmacophores are analogues of aryl propionamide, bicyclic hydantoin,
quinoline and tetrahydroquinoline (Gao and Dalton, 2007b)
(Table 2).
However, this enhance in expression by ND was lowered after 56 days in C2C12 mouse cells (22).
Vital effects of ND administration and time have been observed with considerably elevated MAFbx expression at 31, 35,
and 56 days after muscle denervation in male Wistar rats; expression tended to be lowered at day 35 and was significantly reduced at day 56 (43).
ND administration considerably attenuated IL1 expression in an overload situation only in 25-month male Fisher 344xF1 Brown Norway rat muscle as in comparability with
five-month muscle (36). IL6 mRNA abundance was significantly higher
in a ND + overload condition as in comparison with control however was
attenuated by ND in each five- and 25-month overloaded
male Fisher 344xF1 Brown Norway rat muscle (36). ND administration had a major effect on TNFα mRNA abundance in five-month male Fisher
344xF1 Brown Norway rat muscle solely but did not attenuate overload-induced TNFα
induction (36). In androgenic tissues, nandrolone (19-nortestosterone) is readily converted by the enzyme 5α-reductase
into 5α-dihydro-19-nortestosterone, i.e., the double bond between C4 and C5 is decreased.
For example, after oral administration of 25 mg testosterone, less than 1 mg
(4%) turns into systemically obtainable (9).
The oral bioavailability of AAS may be elevated by making the father or
mother molecule extra lipid-soluble by the
esterification process described in the earlier paragraph.
This modification permits a larger fraction of the absorbed AAS to enter
the lymphatic system and bypass first-pass metabolism.
Nevertheless, even after esterification of testosterone by
an 11-carbon carboxylic acid group (undecanoate), oral
bioavailability remains poor at 6.8% (9). The formulation also exhibits
large intra- and interindividual variation in bioavailability, making
it cumbersome for replacement remedy.
It has been suggested that the incidence of most
cancers in different tissues is strictly positively correlated to the number of
stem cell divisions within the lifetime occurring in them [50].
The unwanted effects on the natural synthesis of anabolic steroids play a potential position in hormonal changes/regulation and it might be
suspected to be on the base of sure carcinogenic mechanisms [113,119].
Furthermore, simply accessible and generally diffused AASs, such as nandrolone and stanozolol, have the
potential position in the pathogenesis of most cancers, such as Leydig cell tumor by way of multiple course of pathways [113].
Given that it was demonstrated a correlation between AASs abuse and cancer,
the prevention of its abuse and the information campaigns in gyms and
amongst younger athletes are obligatory. In this regard, surveillance of
long-term abuser is warranted to have the ability to perform at early analysis.
AAS-induced hepatotoxicity is influenced by genetic elements, and is related to the infiltration of inflammatory cells
in liver tissue, corresponding to lymphocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils [83,84].
Testosterone cypionate is contraindicated in the presence of severe
kidneyl, heart and liver disease, males with breast most cancers and prostate
most cancers, venous thromboembolism, pregnant girls, or ladies who may turn into pregnant breastfeeding girls, hypersensitivity to any component of the formulation. The Endocrinology Society means that it might be judicious
to avoid remedy with testosterone in males who've a history of coronary
heart assault (myocardial infarction) and stroke in the last six months seventy five, seventy six.
When you consider steroids, the very first thing that may come to mind is their use in bodybuilding to advertise muscle gain.
They demonstrated that both testosterone and androstenedione elevated ovarian most cancers cell viability through the expression, exercise, and phosphorylation of telomerase, and by blocking
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway inhibitors. Consequently, it was said that the PI3K/Akt pathway triggered this upregulation and that the hTERT mRNA levels have been considerably elevated with exposure to testosterone and androstenedione, thanks to quantitative PCR analyses.
HTERT is a gene succesful to encode the telomerase
catalytic subunit, thus, allowing sustained
cell proliferation, which has already been revealed to
be regulated in human prostate cancer cells in vivo by androgens.
In addition, androgen use has been reported to improve
telomerase expression and behavior.
There was a primary impact of ND to extend Cyclin D1 mRNA expression after 14 days of restoration post-injury in eight-week-old male C57BL/6
mice, but no impact was current after 42 days (38).
ND brought on the expression of HBS1, GAL, ADAMTS1, SERPINE1, NR4A1-3, ATF3,
BTG2, TCF4, and USP 12 to be downregulated at seven days post-administration in male Wistar-Hannover
rats however upregulated at 35 days post-administration (31).
TPM, BCL6, TLE1, and UBE2E2 have been downregulated at both seven- and 35-days
post-administration in male Wistar-Hannover rats (31).
BHLHB3 and SFRS10 expression was upregulated at seven days post-administration in male Wistar-Hannover rats but downregulated at 35 days post-administration (31).
With an estimated global lifetime prevalence price of 3.3% (6.4% for males and 1.6% for females) (2), nearly each
practising doctor will provide take care of an AAS consumer in some
unspecified time within the future in their profession. Although, after all, the
AAS person will not necessarily disclose his use
of AAS or present with side effects brought on by it.
This evaluate therefore provides a comprehensive overview
of this class of hormones’ primary pharmacology and
side effects. All Through this evaluation, we mention treatment choices for several unwanted aspect effects; these should not be
thought-about strict suggestions, as they're largely a mirrored image of how AAS users self-medicate or what is known from
the literature. It stays debatable whether or not physicians should medically goal negative effects of
AAS use. Clearly, discontinuing AAS would be the popular answer for virtually
every side effect. This might be encouraged by affected person training on the possible risks and addressing psychological points that keep AAS use, similar
to body dysmorphia and dependancy.
The unproven rationale behind this technique is to achieve
muscle mass and energy during a cycle, allowing the physique to recuperate between cycles.
The contents, dose and duration of the cycles
are largely directed by recommendation from self-proclaimed
experts and are based on unproven beliefs and personal experience.
Since muscle mass and power decline after discontinuation of AAS,
multiple cycles or steady use are deemed essential to maintain or
further increase gained muscle mass. In our cohort
study, the imply weekly estimated androgen dose was almost one thousand mg, ranging between 250 and 3300 mg (3).
References:
Πώς να ελέγξετε την αυθεντικότητα του προϊόντος Clen
| 2025-11-01 08:50:32 | 萨尔浒战役前后之后金与明朝、朝鲜关系探析
王臻 | [未验证] Edmundo | ε֩：ɸ�ﲅ�ӛǰ��
Testosterone is produced immediately from the ovaries and likewise
by way of conversion of weaker androgens, androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), which are synthesized by the ovaries
and the adrenal glands, respectively. In younger premenopausal ladies,
the ovary is liable for approximately 25% of
the testosterone production, while 75% is derived from the adrenal androgens.
However, in postmenopausal ladies, the ovary turns into
a serious source of testosterone production and its contribution increases to 50% (Adashi, 1994).
The influence of AAS on female fertility is a complex and underexplored subject.
This hormonal disruption may result in perturbations in the menstrual cycle, corresponding to spaniomenorrhea and amenorrhea,
anovulation, finally leading to infertility (Karila et al., 2024,
Saadedine et al., 2023).
You should contemplate the cycle size, which will change how you employ
things like peptides here. Also, you won’t need the long-term HGH use on a 12-week cycle,
but it helps enhance gains through the cycle (as are others like
IGF). When you start precisely is decided by the esters used and their clearing
time. Still, the standard Testosterone enanthate or
comparable size Check ester usually sees a 2-week
clearing time following your last steroid shot.
Winstrol promotes moderate will increase in lean mass whereas reducing fat-free
mass. Deca Durabolin (nandrolone decanoate) is an effective anabolic bulking agent.
Trenbolone’s androgenic rating of 500 vs. testosterone’s a hundred demonstrates its raw energy on this
regard. Trenbolone is arguably the most highly effective steroid available
to bodybuilders, inflicting fast modifications in physique composition that happen throughout the first week
of use. This is due to its exceptional muscle-building and strength-enhancing
results (similar to Anadrol), yet with slightly fewer unwanted side
effects. Anadrol will cause hefty weight achieve, roughly 30 lbs from
a cycle, due to it being a wet steroid in addition to anabolic.
The main medical use of these compounds is to deal with allergic reactions,
asthma, inflammatory circumstances, and skin problems, amongst different
illnesses.
In addition, stopping use can cause melancholy, often leading to resumption of use.
The Nationwide Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) is the lead federal agency supporting scientific analysis on drug use and
dependancy. According to NIDA, anabolic steroids are also recognized as "anabolic-androgenic steroids" due to their anabolic effects and androgenic results on the identical time.
Doping with anabolic steroids is banned by most sports leagues and groups.
Athletes may take steroids for a certain interval, cease, then start again several
occasions a year. Athletes additionally usually use many
steroids at the identical time (a follow called stacking), and they take them by totally different routes (by mouth, injection, or patch).
Cycling, stacking, and pyramiding are meant to reinforce desired effects and reduce harmful effects,
however little evidence supports these benefits.
Nevertheless, we now have found anabolic steroids to have a everlasting effect on muscle nuclei (5), meaning
previous steroid users could possibly retain their size when coaching later as a
pure. Some anabolic steroids have diuretic effects because of an absence of aromatase activity (conversion of testosterone
into estrogen). This can result in a dry physique with extra visible muscle striations and definition.
Lifetime prevalence in the U.S. is estimated at zero.9 % for males and 0.1 % for females, greater among young
males (1.5–6 %) and females (0–2.four %).
Further correlates embody adverse college experiences, unstable social environments, and felony habits (Hakansson et al., 2012).
The male grownup population with experience in power training
shows the best prevalence of AAS use and not using a medical prescription (Arver et
al., 2018). This development is supported by research performed in Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Poland,
which reported a notable incidence of ladies engaging within the indiscriminate administration of androgens (Albaker et al., 2021, Angoorani and Halabchi,
2015, Rachoń et al., 2006). However, the
use of these substances with out medical
supervision carries vital dangers to the organism.
AASs in supraphysiological concentrations affect a number of central nervous system functions, similar
to reminiscence, aggressiveness, nervousness and melancholy,
particularly in predisposed individuals [48,49,50,51,52]. The underlying mechanisms contain neurotransmission by
affecting the synthesis and degradation of neurotransmitters,
in addition to neurotransmitter metabolism [53]. In addition, an animal study advised that long-term administration of ND results
in anxiolytic habits and reminiscence impairment. Chronic administration of high doses of AASs
is said to anxiety-like habits via the corticotrophin release issue by
enhancing GABAergic inhibitory results from the central amygdala onto the mattress
nucleus of the stria terminalis [56].
Sporting performance amongst their feminine athletes, particularly in strength-dependent events,
was spectacular. These documents cope with the systematic state-sponsored programme of doping of athletes and included scientific stories, doctoral theses and a hand-written protocol guide giving the occasions and dosage of administration of anabolic steroids to athletes.
Several thousand athletes were handled with anabolic steroids yearly, including adolescents
of every sex. Particular emphasis was positioned on the administration of anabolic steroids to women and adolescent girls, regardless of the virilizing results, due
to the rapid features in sporting performance. It is necessary to notice that the
GDR scientists established (to themselves) that ‘androgenic initiation'
has everlasting results in girls and women, the place will increase in strength and
efficiency do not return to pretreatment values after the drug is withdrawn. The
current emphasis on out-of-competition drug testing is, due to this fact, of
important importance to assist stop doping throughout coaching adopted by a interval of drug elimination after which competitors.
Over the final several a long time, use of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) as performance-enhancing medicine among competitive athletes, leisure
athletes, body-builders and those who want to enhance their body image, has substantially elevated.
References:
Dbol cykel – nyb鰎jarversion 4 veckor
| 2025-11-01 08:50:19 | 从明代滇、黔移民特点比较看贵州屯堡文化形成的原因
古永继 | [未验证] Dell | �Ɠ<̣捍ԃ��ᡢǭӆ&
Nonetheless, warning must be exercised,
as we've seen hepatic issues come up from excessive dosages and excessive cycles.
Even although the liver is a resilient organ, and research have shown that abusing
Anadrol does not trigger liver failure, it should still be thought of as extremely
hepatotoxic. 25% of the 100 mg group had their ALT and AST liver enzymes
enhance over 5-fold. CrazyBulk's formulas are supported by scientific analysis and are safe for women and men to make use
of. Despite orals being more convenient and easier to take, there are drawbacks to
taking pills, which might be detailed in the Masteron side effect prevention guide
effects part. Some of this size shall be temporary intracellular fluid retention, giving the muscular tissues a more pumped look.
The term "anabolic steroids" is used to check with a bunch of artificial substances that mimic the results of male intercourse hormones similar to testosterone.
The medication promote in both men and women the expansion of skeletal muscle (anabolic effects) and the event of male sexual traits (androgenic effects).
Anabolic steroids are synthetic substances that mimic the consequences of testosterone, the male
intercourse hormone. While they are used for numerous medical circumstances, they are
additionally commonly misused for performance enhancement and muscle development.
In this article, we are going to delve into the advantages,
risks, and potential misuse of anabolic steroids.
When taken in supraphysiologic doses, AAS enable
customers to tremendously increase muscle energy and athletic performance, typically nicely beyond the restrict
attainable by natural means (Kouri et al., 1995).
Anabolic steroid abuse inherently ends in suppression of spermatogenesis.
Further, it stays unknown how these hormones would possibly have an effect
on babies of nursing mothers utilizing these medication. When most
individuals discuss steroids, they are referring to either corticosteroids (also generally identified as glucocorticoids) or anabolic
steroids (also known as androgenic steroids) 2.
These drugs have totally different side effects in ladies, which are most
likely to develop with long-term oral, intravenous, or injected use.
Meditation, yoga, deep breathing workouts, or
just spending time on enjoyable hobbies can make
a big difference in decreasing the negative impression of stress in your total well-being.
Common train is an efficient way to manage your hormones and boost your sexual well
being. Just watch out to not overtrain—too much train can throw your hormones out of balance and cause
more harm than good. Make sure you're getting sufficient vitamins, minerals,
and antioxidants—they're essential for sexual function and testosterone production. Our liver
perform checks show Winstrol to be hepatotoxic; thus, customers usually take a liver help
complement (such as TUDCA) to forestall liver enzymes from rising to
excessive levels. Winstrol promotes average will increase
in lean mass whereas decreasing fat-free mass. Deca Durabolin causes an extremely full, 3D look due
to high ranges of intracellular water retention filling the muscle
cells on-cycle.
Extra cycles can lead to enhanced results, particularly when stacked with different steroids.
In one other research, women got oxymetholone to treat anemia and bone marrow
failure (9). They started on a dose of 1 mg per kg, then increased
in monthly increments by 50%, up to one hundred mg per day.
Scientifically, glucocorticoids are a particular subgroup of corticosteroids.
But they’re generally used as interchangeable names for a similar sorts of medicine.
Your provider will counsel the proper medicine for you, it
doesn't matter what they name it. When you realize what unwanted side effects are attainable,
you possibly can take steps to regulate their impression.
Implementing a structured monitoring protocol helps healthcare suppliers establish adverse results early and regulate
remedy plans accordingly. Sufferers must be educated about potential unwanted effects and inspired to report any new signs promptly.
In extreme instances, it could result in a doubtlessly life-threatening situation referred to as
an adrenal disaster.
Oxandrolone also can raise LDL ("bad" cholesterol) and decrease HDL ("good" cholesterol).
These changes in levels of cholesterol can enhance the danger of heart illness over time.
Maintain all appointments along with your health care supplier to check your blood.
Name your well being care provider if you have the following signs of excessive blood sugar.
Moreover, some specialized drug testing methods could possibly detect steroids for longer
periods than normal exams. As the first large wave of former AAS users now moves into middle age,
will most likely be important to acquire extra systematic information on the long-term
psychiatric and medical consequences of this type of
substance abuse. If the patient plans a steroid cycle within the close to future, checking blood may not be helpful for the explanation that ranges might be disrupted shortly afterwards.
The recommendation we are going to give subsequently is predicated on our expertise with AAS abusers over the previous 10 years who offered
with health issues. As our inhabitants ages, the need for refined protocols and pointers for steroid use in older adults
grows. Ongoing research and open dialogue between healthcare providers,
patients, and caregivers are crucial to bettering our
understanding and management of steroid therapy within the elderly.
Anadrol tablets are fat-soluble; therefore, eating them with meals might lower their organic
availability and hinder results. Therefore, ladies ought to complement with TUDCA and refrain from ingesting alcohol.
He also recommends splitting up the doses of Anadrol throughout the day as an alternative of taking 25
mg in a single go. Regardless Of Anadrol being FDA-approved, it's
nonetheless one of many harshest steroids we have come
throughout. Furthermore, performing a enough warm-up will help the muscle tissue turn out to be extra supple and decrease the risk of
injury. With Anadrol, the conversion of DHT isn’t through the similar old pathway, which is the 5-alpha reductase enzyme. | 2025-11-01 08:50:09 | 夏至战国中国北方长城地带游牧文化带的形成过程（论纲）下
林沄 | [未验证] Tyrone | –›V??Єׁս?꼃�北�??
Отличная платформа kazino olimp
— люблю заходить сюда!
онлайн казино | 2025-11-01 08:49:30 | 从汉简谈汉代西北边郡运输的几个问题
张俊民 | [未验证] Dannie | օ俊ı：�Ӻ杭��捍ꞟ�
Anadrol can be a challenging steroid to use and comes with
its share of risks, and it’s not an AAS that I normally suggest to the newbie.
However as quickly as you identify what dose works best for you, your
features on Anadrol shall be huge in measurement and energy.
Proper dosing is important to maximise the advantages of oral steroids while reducing potential unwanted effects.
Dosing ought to always be approached conservatively, especially for novices.
Oral steroids are identified for delivering quick, seen outcomes, often within weeks.
Most steroid customers will buy Anadrol on the black market, however
this still costs a significant quantity in contrast with the legal various.
You can do a full 12-week cycle of Anadrole for much
less, and no further costs of medication are needed because there are no unwanted side effects to counter
and no PCT needed. Traditional hair loss remedy medicine like Finasteride won’t work when you’re utilizing Anadrol
because of the way it converts to DHT. In any case, reducing your DHT levels
to combat hair loss can negatively impact your results by decreasing muscle and energy gains.
Intermediate users can benefit greatly from a 50mg Anadrol
daily dosage with fast gains in strength and mass.
NPP (Nandrolone phenylpropionate) is Deca-Durabolin with a short ester, so that you get a
lot the identical effects as Deca, however they come on quicker.
You will also discover peptides useful for PCT because of their results on performance and providing some anti-catabolic safety without the unfavorable influence on recovering
your HPTA functionality. It’s greatest to make use of Winstrol for shorter durations or
change it out for Masteron if you need to run it for a complete standard cycle.
It starts to turn out to be attainable to use HCG all through a cycle of this length, but most guys won't want or want to use it for so lengthy
and as an alternative use HCG in the direction of
the top of the cycle. A standard error is to assume that
the half-life of a steroid is a firm and unchangeable number.
In some cases, you will notice a spread of hours and
even days estimating a half-life because individual components like
metabolism will at all times trigger variations.
Collagen additionally acts as an antioxidant and helps the skin and connective tissues.
Anabolic steroids are artificial drugs that mimic the male hormone testosterone.
While steroids for medical causes are legally obtainable by prescription, bodybuilding with steroids is
widespread, and athletes and sports activities enthusiasts additionally use anabolic steroids for performance-enhancing benefits.
Though private possession of steroids isn't penalised, they are classified as a Class C substance beneath the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971, making their sale without prescription unlawful.
As injectable Dianabol can take longer to have an effect, users could need
to enhance the duration of their cycles.
Moreover, some research suggests DHT could be the better muscle-building hormone when compared to testosterone (23).
This would make sense considering some of our bodybuilders report much less muscle and strength positive aspects when stacking Dianabol with Proscar (finasteride), a DHT inhibitor.
Research also confirms this, with fifty one.9% of males experiencing
muscle loss or muscle tone when taking finasteride (24).
DHT is liable for the event of body hair, prostate, penis measurement (during puberty),
and libido. Although other anabolic steroids are more probably to trigger androgenetic alopecia, which
is the shrinking of hair follicles, inflicting
significant thinning and hair loss (on the scalp).
Winstrol eliminates excess water retention, giving muscles that dry, ripped look.
This steroid doesn’t simply help you look great—it lets you keep definition and vascularity even when you’re slicing energy.
Anadrol, or Oxymetholone, was first developed in the 1960s by Syntex Prescribed Drugs.
Anadrol is known for its highly effective anabolic effects and is commonly utilized
in bulking cycles to advertise fast weight and strength positive aspects.
Boldenone, an anabolic steroid derived from testosterone, is understood for its ability
to reinforce muscle mass and power with less androgenic unwanted effects.
It increases nitrogen retention and protein synthesis,
promoting steady gains. Originally developed for veterinary use, it’s popular
among athletes for its mild nature. Nonetheless,
it can nonetheless cause cardiovascular and
hormonal imbalances, requiring cautious use. Nandrolone, an anabolic steroid with a powerful anabolic and reasonable androgenic impact, is understood for
its capability to significantly improve muscle mass and energy while enhancing restoration and joint well being.
If you've efficiently used a 5mg dose while responding well to Winstrol and without
masculine traits creating, making an attempt 10mg day by day isn't out of the question for females.
But this isn’t a dosage to begin out when using Winstrol for
the first time, and you should already be assured
in utilizing 5mg earlier than doubling the dose in your subsequent cycle.
In the 5-10mg dosage vary, a cycle length of four to 6 weeks is really helpful, and six weeks ought to be the utmost restrict.
Water-based injectables like Winstrol Depot are notorious for PIP
(post-injection pain) and, in severe cases, for different issues like swelling and abscesses.
It’s not a pleasant injection by any means, however Winstrol Depot a minimal
of supplies an alternate possibility for people who strongly dislike oral Frequently Asked Questions About Steroids.
Each forms of Winny (oral and injectable) contain a methyl group attachment on the 17th carbon, making them C17-aa
steroids that can resist liver metabolism. Like all DHT-derived steroids
and DHT itself, Winstrol can’t bind to the aromatase enzyme, which suggests
it cannot convert to estrogen like testosterone-based steroids.
Dosage refers to the quantity of steroid taken per day, cycling refers to the period of steroid use adopted by a interval of
abstinence, and stacking refers again to the simultaneous use of multiple steroids.
Nonetheless, it is crucial to remember that self-experimentation with
these strategies is inherently dangerous and should solely be undertaken with
the steering of a professional medical professional.
Regardless Of its outstanding strength-enhancing properties, Halotestin’s worth
proposition is complicated by its important facet impact profile.
Its excessive androgenic activity can result in pronounced androgen-related unwanted facet effects,
such as pimples, hair loss, and prostate enlargement.
Hepatotoxicity is a serious concern, necessitating meticulous liver perform monitoring and limited duration of use.
Moreover, its potential for antagonistic effects on lipid profiles and cardiovascular health calls for
cautious consideration. At larger doses, you'll nearly actually endure extreme water retention, which isn't solely unsightly but,
extra importantly, can raise blood stress to dangerous ranges.
I point out this specifically as a result of one of many stack suggestions I
typically come across is a Winstrol/Anavar stack.
A great advantage of oral Primobolan is that it's not very
toxic to the liver. In Distinction To most orals, it is not of the C17-alpha
alkylated type, which removes the liver toxicity risk. | 2025-11-01 08:49:18 | 从居延汉简看汉代随军下层妇女生活
贾丽英 | [未验证] Luz | �׀��捍ӾԑӺ杭�
Although the number of female AAS users is significantly smaller than that of their male counterparts (estimated international lifetime
prevalence rate of 1.6% compared with 6.4% for males (2)), female energy athletes use AAS as nicely.
These women tend to carry out shorter cycles, favor other AAS
sorts (stanozolol, oxandrolone) and use decrease
dosages. Even less data than in males describe the effects of AAS use in women. One would
possibly extrapolate the consequences of supraphysiological
androgen levels from males to women with regard to blood stress, erythrocytosis, lipid profile
and cardiac structure. Fertility may be impaired because
of the suppressive results of AAS on gonadotropin production, inflicting disruption of the menstrual
cycle.
They're man-made versions of testosterone, a male sex hormone that helps
construct greater muscle tissue. A doctor can legally
prescribe them if your physique doesn't make enough testosterone.
Docs additionally prescribe them to men with low testosterone
and individuals who lose muscle mass due to cancer, AIDS,
and other well being circumstances. Anabolic steroids trigger masculinization of females, including hair development or loss,
enlargement of the clitoris, and deepening
of the voice. These results are not reversible, even when the drug is promptly discontinued.
In males past the age of puberty , unwanted effects include
increased urinary frequency, breast tenderness and enlargement, and frequent erections.
This reliance can make it troublesome to stop utilizing them in the lengthy run. Worry of dropping muscle size or definition can lead to depression and the
strain to proceed use [8]. Looking For treatment from medical and mental health
professionals can help to ensure security throughout
withdrawal and avoid the negative consequences.
If different substances are being abused together, inpatient or residential rehab
programmes may be more applicable.
You may additionally get thinner pores and skin, zits, unusual hair progress, and spikes in blood sugar and blood pressure.
Because corticosteroids flip down your immune
system, taking them makes you more prone to get infections.
Steroids are chemicals, typically hormones, that your body makes naturally.
The two major varieties are corticosteroids and anabolic-androgenic steroids (or anabolics for short).
In youngsters of each sexes earlier than the onset of puberty, AASs can initiate the characteristics of
male puberty and trigger the bones to stop rising prematurely.
The latter impact can outcome in shorter grownup
heights than would in any other case happen.
The penalties for illegally administering steroids varies for each Australian state and territory.
Steroid use may often contain polypharmacy – the place
an individual mixes a quantity of substances to boost results,
manage side effects, or obtain specific aesthetic or efficiency objectives.
Steroid use does not often result in acute toxicity or overdose (when immediate dangerous results occur shortly after
taking too much of a drug).
Fluid retention accumulates in a special way on Dianabol in comparison with Anadrol, with serum testosterone being
converted into estrogen (via the aromatase enzyme).
We discover such fluid causes an enormous and smooth look
to a user’s physique, with very full and puffy-looking muscles.
From sudden injuries to chronic situations, Cleveland Clinic’s orthopaedic suppliers can guide you through testing, remedy and
beyond. It’s a condition the place individuals turn out to be obsessed
with the concept that they’re not muscular enough, despite often being more muscular than common. Steroid
users are particularly prone to this warped self-perception.
The situation is not to be confused with pseudogynecomastia, additionally
referred to as lipomastia or adipomastia, by which extreme adipose tissue gives the appearance of gynecomastia.
Gynecomastia usually develops throughout puberty, with a reported peak incidence of 65%
in 14-year-old boys (198). Whereas palpable, in the nice majority of instances the gynecomastia was small in dimension. The nature of erectile dysfunction could be categorised
as psychogenic, organic or combined psychogenic and organic (193).
As A End Result Of of the intimate function of
testosterone in erectile perform, erectile dysfunction can develop as a post-cycle aspect effect of AAS use.
These actions present the potential effectiveness of an interprofessional staff method to anabolic steroid use or misuse.
Dromostanolone is a synthetic anabolic steroid with anti-estrogenic properties and is 5 instances more potent
than methyltestosterone, which is commonly used illegally
by bodybuilders to prepare for competition. Folks may use anabolic steroids illegally
to improve muscle mass, performance, and Deca Endurance Boost and to shorten restoration time between exercises.
Nevertheless, it should be stored in mind that erectile dysfunction in an AAS consumer isn't essentially the outcome of AAS use per se and could be
a symptom of an underlying psychiatric dysfunction. The presence of inflexible morning or night
erections, sudden onset, intermittent course and short duration are a great indication of a psychogenic
cause. Lack of morning or evening erections, a gradual onset, progressive course, or long period suggest
an organic cause.
Some athletes may seem to get an edge from performance-enhancing medicine.
It's common for athletes who exercise for long quantities of time to make use of a lab-made sort
of erythropoietin known as epoetin. The pressure to win leads some athletes to use drugs which may give them
an edge. Gynecomastia is the benign enlargement of the glandular tissue of the breast
(197). | 2025-11-01 08:48:25 | 楚长城的初步研究
杨树刚 | [未验证] Linnie | Ү˷�գ撼�ij��о
Topical steroids, while less systemic, usually are not
without dangers; they'll cause skin atrophy and discoloration with extended use.
Patients ought to be educated on correct utility methods and the significance of adhering to prescribed durations
to minimize these dangers. The endocrine system can additionally be weak to steroid-induced disruption.
This is a pretty impressive transformation, but understanding how
Dianabol promises fast gains and unparalleled power –
this isn’t surprising either! This dry addition of
lean muscle mass shows that you can, indeed,
use Dianabol as a method to lean bulk. The underlying
mechanisms involve neurotransmission by affecting the synthesis and degradation of neurotransmitters,
as properly as neurotransmitter metabolism [53].
In addition, an animal examine suggested that long-term administration of ND leads to anxiolytic behavior and reminiscence impairment.
Moreover, persistent AAS administration modifications neurotransmitter expression involved in aggression control [57,fifty eight,59].
Some of the medicine used to treat more critical forms of acne, corresponding to isotretinoin and tetracycline, are extra dangerous
when a patient already has liver problems, since each medication stress the liver.
Utilizing these drugs alone can worsen or amplify the effects of the steroids within the liver.
Research additionally factors to a hyperlink between anabolic steroids and a strange
situation called hereditary coproporphyria.
Although these protocols might forestall cardiotoxicity,
they should not be thought of a band-aid or a whole treatment for Anavar’s toxicity.
Though Anavar could also be a much less poisonous compound in comparison with different anabolic steroids, its advantages aren't with out threat.
zero.03 mg/kg of Anavar was concluded to be a "safe" daily dosage; nonetheless, 0.06 mg/kg impaired breast growth in some subjects.
One good thing about Anavar supplementation, which is not obvious when taking
a look at earlier than and after photographs, is the rise in strength.
Regardless Of being a chopping steroid that promotes lean muscle mass, research has proven Anavar to
be a potent strength-enhancing steroid. Nevertheless,
if users eat in a calorie surplus, fat loss is prone
to be lower than that illustrated above. Thus, diet stays an essential factor in determining
physique composition on Anavar.
This is the most common purpose for anabolic steroid misuse, which is
completely illegal without medical recommendation from a well being care provider.
Although anabolic steroids produce significant increases in lean mass, additionally they induce adverse cardiovascular, hepatic, estrogenic, and androgenic unwanted side effects in analysis [7,8,9,10,11].
Thus, through the mechanism of tissue selectivity, RAD-140 was synthesized to copy
the muscle-building and strength-enhancing attributes of
steroids, however with restricted adverse results [12].
The majority of anabolics are categorised as pregnancy class X medicine.
The oral steroids unwanted effects in pregnant girls and their unborn kids greatly outweigh the potential benefits of the treatment.
If ladies continue to abuse these medicine when they get pregnant, they
have to contact a healthcare provider instantly and focus on withdrawal options.
The unfavorable effects of steroids start even before the infant is born.
If your use of anabolic steroids is affecting
your health, family, relationships, work, school, monetary or different life situations,
or you’re concerned a few beloved one, you'll find assist and help.
Mixing steroids with different drugs can have unpredictable effects and enhance the chance of hurt.
Usually, all steroids enhance sexual operate during a
cycle, after which post-cycle, it typically declines.
This is as a end result of of a crash in testosterone, as exogenous
testosterone has been discontinued, and endogenous testosterone levels are shut down.
Anadrol could be a more suitable bulking steroid for girls when it
comes to preventing virilization, with large doses failing to cause masculinization even when taken for excessive periods of
time (8). When these three medications were given to 19 men with
shut-down endogenous testosterone levels, after 45 days, 100 percent of them
had normal serum testosterone readings. We have additionally had success in using this PCT stack in our hypogonadal patients.
Many steroids, significantly orals, can exhibit toxic results on the
liver. If abused, we have seen orals cause peliosis hepatis (blood-filled cysts) or cirrhosis (failure) of the liver.
Pimples erupts like a volcanic explosion, especially on the
back and chest. Oily skin and hair turn into the norm, and you might
even see male‑pattern baldness kicking in earlier than anticipated.
These are traditional steroid side effects that many first‑time customers dread.
Docs prescribe corticosteroids much more typically than anabolic steroids.
You may need them to treat circumstances such as asthma, eczema, muscle and joint circumstances, lupus,
or multiple sclerosis.
He has been a board-certified MD since 2005 and supplies steerage on hurt discount methodologies.
Anabolic steroids are very effective for constructing muscle mass; nevertheless, it may be very important perceive the function that genetics, vitamin, and
exercises also contribute to a person’s transformation.
The majority of muscle gain from steroids could be retained if the user continues
lifting weights. However, should the person cease training, they may lose their steroid-induced results (as nicely as their pure newbie results).
We have seen anabolic steroids change the construction of a person’s face, giving it a
more masculine look, particularly the jawline.
Nonetheless, trenbolone produces harsh unwanted aspect effects
and thus is usually avoided by novices. Testosterone suppression is prone to be severe, as properly as
LDL cholesterol levels rising notably in analysis.
References:
PedsElite
| 2025-11-01 08:47:41 | 北魏《皇帝南巡之颂》碑赏析探索及研究
苗起 | [未验证] Jonelle | ħǰ：北κ《�ʵ܄Б�֮̌�
In reproductive goal tissues, testosterone may be considered to be
a prohormone, being readily converted by 5α-reductase to the stronger androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT).
In different tissues, similar to fatty tissue and parts of the brain, testosterone is transformed by aromatase to the estrogen, estradiol (E2).
In bone, the mechanism of motion of the anabolism of androgens has not been entirely elucidated however both a direct impact of testosterone and a mediated
effect by aromatization to estradiol are necessary fifty four, 55.
In the human skeletal muscle collected lower than 12 hour post-mortem, 5α-reductase exercise
either type 1 or 2 just isn't detectable 56, so testosterone itself is chiefly binding to the androgen receptor (AR).
Gynecomastia can also be quite frequent among young pubertal males[2] [3] in addition to older males in the range of 45 years
of age and older[4]. Furthermore, obese males and
males with excessively excessive body fats percentages are common sufferers of gynecomastia,
as research has discovered that the next body fats percentage will present the next risk
of estrogenic aspect effects[5]. Though gynecomastia is
very regarding amongst males, it is far from
a life-threatening Estrogen side impact, and is taken into account very much an aesthetically unpleasing and unattractive facet effect.
Anabolic steroids are derivatives of testosterone, the male
intercourse hormone answerable for male traits during puberty, similar to a deeper voice, body and facial hair, and muscle energy.
When anabolic steroids are used without a prescription, to increase muscle mass, lower fats, and improve performance they will trigger a number of undesirable
unwanted facet effects.
Once you’re snug with Nandrolone’s results, you could switch to the decanoate
ester later to cut back your injection frequency.
Therefore, it is strongly recommended that people seek the
advice of with a healthcare professional earlier than utilizing Trenbolone or
some other performance-enhancing drug. They can provide personalized
steerage on the dangers and benefits of these substances, in addition to suggest secure and effective alternate options for reaching fitness objectives.
One potential remedy choice for sexual dysfunction caused by Trenbolone use is testosterone
alternative therapy (TRT).
In distinction to males, many of these adverse occasions within the feminine anabolic steroid consumer is in all probability not transient (Pavlatos et al., 2001).
AAS users somewhat generally experience erectile dysfunction (65), with 8% of topics in the
HAARLEM research reporting it at baseline and 12% reporting to have experienced it during AAS
use. Three months after ceasing AAS use and 1 year after the start of the AAS cycle it was reported by 14% and 1% of customers, respectively.
None of these modifications have been significantly totally different
from baseline, which may be a kind II error. Nevertheless, since not all
AAS customers completed comply with up, attrition bias may additionally (partly) clarify the
difference.
In greater doses, stimulants can also lead to more severe well being effects, similar to fast coronary
heart rate and hypertension. In mixture
with train, stimulants can take a standard heart beating like this, to a coronary heart
that’s beating dangerously quick. Abuse of some stimulants has been shown to age the cardiovascular system more aggressively than smoking.
And continued stress on the guts can eventually lead to
cardiac arrhythmia, stroke, and heart attack. A month or two
later I was introduced to my first injection of a drug called EPO, which mainly
boosts your hematocrit, which brings purple blood cells to your muscular
tissues. And I remember the first time I ever did it, the blood was
pulled out in Spain, exterior of Valencia, Spain, and it was put again into me three weeks later in the course of the
Tour de France.
Needless to say, EQ is a legendary AAS for growing stamina
and endurance. Guys who do year-round TRT will generally blast and cruise
with EQ to get the sought-after vascularity you'll find a way to obtain even at decrease doses.
But as at all times, starting with a moderate dose is
the most effective strategy when utilizing Boldenone for the primary time till you understand
how YOU reply to it. Vascularity can be excellent and long-lasting with
EQ, even more so when you stack with testosterone and finish with something
like Anavar.
Medical use of EQ in humans stopped through the 1970s, however this steroid continues to be used in the veterinary area today in horses.
Boldenone is prescribed for veterinary use in horses to extend the urge for food and affect the habits of female and castrated male horses[1].
Furthermore, these were bodybuilders taking steroids at a time when nobody had established
their security. At Present, bodybuilders are able to mitigate the dangers because of better knowledge of the
compounds and cautious dosing. Apparently, there might be analysis showing that oral testosterone improves cardiovascular health when therapeutic doses are administered to chubby
males (3).
Anabolic steroids are generally prescribed by medical doctors for individuals who need artificial testosterone
assist to address certain medical situations. In such instances, the medications are taken on the lowest
doses attainable, and for as quick an amount of time as
needed. Moreover, steroids won't make you "healthy" when they are misused in such methods.
It’s important to hunt medical help in case you are taking
anabolic steroids as prescribed and are experiencing any concerning unwanted effects.
The danger of unwanted effects from anabolic steroids can also
range based mostly on age and your intercourse assigned at
delivery.
While anabolic steroids have their place in the therapy of sure medical situations,
these drugs are not secure for any other use. Any promises of
better athletic performance are also not backed by medical evidence.
Anabolic steroids are generally misused for non-medical functions, such as accelerated muscle development or elevated
athletic efficiency. Considering such roles of testosterone in male human growth and health, anabolic steroids could also be
important instruments to help tackle sure circumstances of hormone deficiencies.
Anabolic steroids are drugs that are manufactured
types of testosterone. The technical time period for these compounds
is "anabolic-androgenic steroids" (AAS). "Anabolic" refers
to tissue constructing (mainly muscle), and "androgenic" refers to a
gaggle of sex hormones referred to as androgens.
Relying on how the steroids are used, this can vary from
comparatively small changes to the development of utmost masculine traits.
So, although it’s not common, some feminine athletes and bodybuilders do choose to use steroids for performance-enhancing benefits.
When undertaken rigorously, these girls can obtain significant benefits whereas rigorously controlling the side effects.
PCT is used to speed up the restoration of your natural testosterone manufacturing after it’s
been suppressed or even entirely shut down if you use anabolic steroids.
With Out PCT, you'll suffer from low testosterone signs, which could be life-ruining, to say the least.
References:
PedsElite
| 2025-11-01 08:47:27 | 汉长城预警体系研究
特日格乐 | [未验证] Kia | ͘ɕ���汉撼こȔぞ�ͥϵ
Obviously, discontinuing AAS could be the popular resolution for just
about every side impact. This could presumably be encouraged by patient schooling on the potential
dangers and addressing psychological issues that keep AAS use, corresponding to body dysmorphia
and addiction. If the affected person is nonetheless unwilling
to stop, physicians could think about remedy to reduce
back harm, as is customary within the strategy and remedy of, for instance, people who smoke and alcoholics.
These embrace bone marrow stimulation in leukemia, aplastic anemia,
kidney disease, growth failure, lack of urge for food, and
loss of muscle mass in malignancy and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
But it’s not simply testosterone itself that’s answerable for any androgenic side effects you may develop.
Principally, it’s the conversion of testosterone into
DHT (dihydrotestosterone), which is an even more powerful androgen that is
the wrongdoer of a lot of the dreaded side effects in this class.
On top of this, your genetics will largely determine if and the way severe these side effects could be.
In more excessive instances the place customers have not
taken appropriate motion to control gynecomastia (male breast enlargement), this situation can become very tough
to reverse without surgery. Nonetheless, only
in essentially the most negligent instances would such a state of affairs often come up – when utilizing very excessive doses and with no anti-estrogen mitigation measures.
A stack only for superior users as a outcome of Trenbolone is probably the most challenging
AAS, so you’ll want to organize for the unwanted effects.
If it’s a first-time stack utilizing Testosterone
Cypionate, combining it with just one different steroid is good as
a result of you’ll be dealing with the negative side effects of
every compound within the stack. When it comes to estrogenic
and androgenic unwanted effects, in addition to impacts on the cardiovascular system, adverse results can shortly turn into severe.
Some of probably the most hardcore bodybuilders who need maximum muscle and energy gains are
recognized to make use of testosterone steroids.
Usually, this shall be faster-acting esters, with Testosterone Cypionate taking longer
to leave the physique, so unwanted facet effects recede quicker.
Females who are still decided to use Testosterone Cypionate regardless of
the risks should look to make use of it at very low doses of around 20mg weekly whereas monitoring for
any undesirable adverse effects.
Anabolic steroids are artificial compounds
designed to mimic the effects of pure testosterone, helping users improve muscle mass,
power, and total performance. These steroids work by enhancing protein synthesis and nitrogen retention in the physique, which are key drivers for muscle growth
throughout a steroid cycle. For novices, understanding how anabolic steroids work together with the physique is essential for planning an effective cycle and reaching the desired results.
SERMs negate the negative feedback on the pituitary exerted
by estrogens, and aromatase inhibitors impede the formation of these estrogens.
Each courses of compounds certainly increase testosterone levels in men with hypogonadism because of varied
causes.
In that case, frontloading might not be for you,
nevertheless it does present a further possibility for many who choose to not undertake
a kickstart utilizing an oral steroid. Frontloading Testosterone Enanthate
can get your blood plasma levels up to 500mg much quicker.
This involves taking a double dose of 1000mg on the primary day
(or whatever might be double the quantity of your chosen common dosage).
Regardless, persistent AAS-induced hypogonadism has been reported within the literature in a number of circumstances (65, 178).
Future research is required to delineate the AAS cycle options or patient characteristics that hinder restoration and end in partially reversed, extended,
or persistent hypogonadism. The testicular manufacturing of testosterone is ruled by the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis (HPGA;
see Determine 5). Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons of the hypothalamus secrete GnRH in pulsatile trend into capillaries of the hypophyseal portal system.
GnRH binds to its receptor, the GnRH receptor, on gonadotrophic cells of the anterior
pituitary. Activating this G protein-coupled receptor triggers a cascade of events that stimulates
the synthesis and launch of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
Under, you’ll discover essentially the most complete information to injecting steroids, containing everything you have to know to get it right every time.
On-cycle remedy will give attention to defending your liver, kidneys, and cardiovascular system.
Even low doses of PEDs can pose a threat, but common sense actions can reduce
the prospect of significant issues.
The use of HDL-cholesterol boosting supplements,
such as niacin, might also lead to underestimating risk when using algorithms based mostly on HDL-cholesterol.
Thus you will want to inquire about complement use on this group of patients.
If pharmacological intervention is indicated, statins are
the first-line of treatment to decrease LDL-cholesterol.
Statins might cause muscle ache in a small share of users (152), however this
side impact may occur extra regularly in those that engage in common intense exercise (153).
For this group of patients, an skilled panel recommends using hydrophilic statins (rosuvastatin and pravastatin) at a low-to-moderate dose, as
hydrophilic statins are regarded as extra hepatoselective (153).
If the statin just isn't tolerated, it's advisable to alter to a lipophilic
statin (e.g. simvastatin or atorvastatin), scale back the dose, or attempt an alternate-day
routine (154). If regardless of these attempts statin intolerance stays a difficulty, different pharmacological choices,
such as ezetimibe or proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin kind 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, ought to be explored.
Both of these associate with your chosen AI, which you'll have the ability to improve the
dose of. This should work shortly and have those gyno signs decreased and reversed inside just a
few days. You can then cease the SERM however continue using the AI and feel confident that the
gyno won’t rear its head again. It has a very long half-life (about
5 weeks), but you presumably can nonetheless take it once daily.
References:
Εμπλουτισμός Διατροφής
| 2025-11-01 08:47:06 | 博山境内“齐长城”遗址
王延恕 | [未验证] Garrett | εғˡ：博ɽ境Ś“ǫ长�ǡ�z
Our on-line retailer supplies detailed product information, beneficial dosages, and
safety recommendation, serving to you make knowledgeable choices about
your health and fitness journey. To purchase authentic products, you solely want to choose
the best drugs and place an order with us! Unique steroids
on the market virtually always have a further protective capping.
The bottle stopper is securely fixed, and subsequently it can't be opened by hand.
The expiration date and batch quantity are always printed in a definite font from the the rest of the
inscriptions, and a separate print for the date of manufacture.
We also carry products from many Canadian & Worldwide Pharmaceutical grade producers.
PGAnabolics won't settle for any subpar producers and solely shares products from the best.
By clicking "Submit," you certify that you have got
supplied your authorized name and phone number,
agree to the phrases and situations and privacy policy, and authorise Paid Advertiser to contact you.
You consent to obtain SMS notifications and promotions from Paid Advertiser.
Calls to any common helpline listed on this website may be answered or returned by a paid advertiser that may be a licensed treatment provider.
There is not any obligation to enter treatment, and we do not obtain any commission or fee based mostly on which supplier
you select.
Steroids for muscle development and different pharmacological preparations for weight achieve are value buying to athletes whose aim is to attain fast leads to bodybuilding.
By buying an excellent form with steroids, the athlete turns
into extra confident in itself and its own forces. When it comes to purchasing steroids in Australia, it’s important to determine on a dependable and respected
source. Aussie Steroid Pharma offers a seamless and safe buying expertise for customers seeking to purchase anabolic steroids.
And whilst you won’t "turn into a man," ninety nine.9% of females WILL need to avoid any masculinity… and especially irreversible results.
Feminine steroid users will principally be restricted to only certain steroid compounds, will use them at a lot decrease
doses, and can limit the length of cycles to reduce the event of
virilizing results. Don’t fear – the Female Bulking Stack won’t have you turning into a person. It will add female-appropriate levels of muscle (which
you can ramp up if desired with a suitable training program and dietary
changes). So, it’s not only a greater improve in size
around the shoulders, arms, and thighs, but the stack
also promotes fats loss. Hence, your muscles become more distinguished – especially in areas beforehand masked by a layer of fat just like the abdominals.
A Clenbuterol cycle ought to be brief and begin at a low dose, especially if it’s your first time.
In that case, frontloading may not be for you, but it
does present a further choice for individuals who choose to not
undertake a kickstart utilizing an oral
steroid. When frontloading, you will twice and even triple your common dose within the
first week or so of using the steroid. This allows you to reap the benefits of the
pure fast spike in hormone launch upon injection, which slows down afterward
and becomes extra gradual. Frontloading will amplify this initial effect
early on and let you benefit sooner from increased performance.
As bodybuilders who use steroids, certainly one of our highest priorities is to
hold up a high and constant blood plasma stage of all steroids being utilized in a
cycle.
If you respond nicely, the option to extend to 50mcg can be thought of, and benefits will undoubtedly improve – as will potential unwanted
effects. It’s the anabolic traits that are interesting to athletes,
but as a feminine, you’ll also be coping with the undesirable androgenic effects.
All of this results in some severe considerations when you’re thinking of creating use
of steroids for performance and physique enhancement
functions. PCT is used to hurry up the restoration of your natural testosterone manufacturing after it’s
been suppressed or even totally shut down if you use anabolic steroids.
Our primary task is that customers of GoAnabolics.com store might purchase only one of the best steroids.
If you wish to be sure of the superb quality of the bought items, then GoAnabolics.com is
the steroid store that you want. The testosterone enanthate I ordered was clearly prime quality — smooth injections, noticeable energy and dimension in simply 3 weeks.
You will at all times find any oral or injectable steroid, as
well as fats burners and medicines for conducting
post cycle remedy. In addition, we offer our purchasers peptides and growth
hormones from leading producers. To manage this aspect effect, some AAS customers resort to ancillary medication for
therapy. This contains use of the oral prescription drug isotretinoin by a
small percentage of customers (65, 67). Isotretinoin is considered to be
the best treatment towards pimples (68).
In Accordance to our experience, in addition to the anabolic properties
of steroids, additionally they have androgenic actives. These behaviors additional enhance masculine options, i.e., deepening of the voice
and growth in facial hair as properly as body construct.
These manifestations are the result of the interaction between steroids and receptors for androgens in diverse tissues that are not limited to
muscular tissues only. For example, when steroids connect to androgen receptors in the hair follicles they can promote facial hairs.
BrutalForce, for instance, is a good model that gives a broad range
of authorized steroid alternate options designed for each bulking and chopping cycles.
By purchasing from their web site, you are capable of be confident in the high quality and security of the merchandise,
in addition to take pleasure in useful information, customer help, and a
money-back assure when you're not happy with the outcomes.
All The Time consult with a healthcare professional or vitamin expert earlier than starting any complement routine, together
with legal steroids. They can help you identify one of
the best product on your wants and provide steerage on correct dosage
and potential interactions with other supplements or medicines you
could be taking. By contemplating these components, you could make an knowledgeable choice and choose the best legal steroid to help your health
objectives. Before making a call, it is also sensible to assess
the product's cost-effectiveness. Whereas legal steroids
could also be costlier than their illegal counterparts, their security
and effectiveness make them a valuable funding for people seeking to
improve their physique and performance.
References:
PedsElite
| 2025-11-01 08:46:35 | 结构奇巧的“轿子城”
赵俊 | [未验证] Cornell | ֔俊：�ṹǦȉ�ġ敖ϗӳǡ�
Non-medical use of steroids can involve quantities from 10 to one hundred instances the quantity used for medical functions.
"Designer" steroids are generally obtainable to enable athletes to pass doping tests.
Their composition and use are totally unregulated, including to the hazards they pose.
People may get hold of illegal steroids through the
web and informal sellers. Nonetheless, they may also be doubtlessly out there by
way of anyone with prescriptive authority, including pharmacists, docs, and veterinarians.
If you think you or a liked one could additionally be experiencing
physique dysmorphic disorder, consider speaking with a healthcare professional.
The similar holds true for global longitudinal strain in nonhypertensive people (218).
The isovolumic leisure time can also be an impartial predictor of coronary heart
failure within the general inhabitants (219). Consequently,
an argument could probably be made to understand these AAS-induced cardiac modifications as threat modifiers when estimating CVD
danger utilizing algorithms such as SCORE2 or PCE, and will help in ‘grey zone’
risk estimation situations. Some preliminary data concerning the time course of HPGA
recovery after AAS use have recently been revealed (176).
When gonadal operate was regular before an AAS cycle,
there was a 90% probability of having normal testosterone levels three months
after cessation and a one hundred pc probability at the end of follow-up (1 year after the start of the
cycle).
Many customers experience profound shifts in their emotional landscape, cycling between durations of intense euphoria and crushing depression. This rollercoaster can be notably dangerous for those
with pre-existing mental health conditions, probably exacerbating
symptoms of hysteria, bipolar disorder, or depression. The relationship between anabolic steroids and psychological well-being is complex and multifaceted.
These medication don’t simply affect our Estrat間ia Ideal para Massa Muscular tissues; they essentially alter the chemistry of our brains.
By flooding our methods with artificial hormones, steroids
can set off a cascade of neurological modifications that ripple by way of
every side of our mental and emotional lives.
Many anabolic steroids had been synthesized and their organic activity characterized (myotrophic–androgenic index, metabolic
studies in animal and man) over forty years in the
past, at a time when molecular endocrinology was in its infancy.
The growth of SARMs, together with their ligand interactions with the
androgen receptor, is reviewed by Bhasin et al.
(2006). Tissue selectivity could additionally
be achieved by synthesizing ligands that modulate
the expression of the androgen receptor by inducing specific conformational adjustments that have an effect on its interaction with coregulators.
Certainly, the role of 5α-reductase appears to play a important
part in determining the tissue-specific expression of SARMs
(Gao and Dalton, 2007a). The present nonsteroidal SARM pharmacophores are analogues of aryl propionamide, bicyclic hydantoin, quinoline and tetrahydroquinoline (Gao and
Dalton, 2007b) (Table 2). As an adjunct, much of the physiological importance of non-genomic actions of androgens continues
to be to be elucidated, not least with respect to androgen-induced cell-cycle progression.
Self-help groups like Narcotics Anonymous provide peer help for drug abuse recovery and encourage addicts to
live more healthy lives free from addiction. If you or another person wants
urgent help after taking drugs or consuming, name 999 for an ambulance.
Mixing drugs is all the time risky but some mixtures are more dangerous than others.
Some younger individuals use them to attempt to look more engaging, despite risking
the negative effects on their appears.
The Feminine Bulking Stack reduces your post-workout recovery time significantly.
DOMS (muscle soreness) is reduced to very low levels or
non-existent, making you feel ready to go for an additional workout in no time.
Steroid use by females should always be very rigorously thought of
and planned to keep away from the potential severe side effects that are
virtually certain to come back about when the
usage of steroid hormones isn’t strictly managed and monitored.
These are two-weeks on, three-weeks off, two-weeks
on, and four-weeks off cycles. Short-acting and fast-working
compounds on a short cycle will provide small and gradual positive aspects over time.
Furthermore, one other imaging examine showed markedly increased right amygdala
volumes; markedly decreased right amygdala and lowered dACCgln/glu and scyllo-inositol levels in comparability with
nonusers [45]. Latest evidence, by administrating neuropsychological checks
to weightlifters each AAS users and nonusers, demonstrated a cognitive disfunction as a end result
of long-term excessive AAS exposure [46]. In this regard, oxidative
stress and apoptosis due to AASs abuse may result in neurodegeneration and dementia, particularly in long-term users, adolescents
and younger adults [47,48]. Many individuals who use anabolic steroids are conscious
of the dangers of taking them, and believe that by taking the drugs in sure methods they can avoid side effects.
Or they might take further medicines to try to counter the unwanted
facet effects.
Though the extent of this exercise appears to be restricted, as
screening procedures rely on focusing on deciding on ions for monitoring by mass spectrometry,
unknown steroids might escape detection. Oral exercise could be
conferred by substitution of the 17α-H on the steroid nucleus with a methyl
or ethyl group to make the 17α-alkylated anabolic steroids.
Alkyl substitution prevents deactivation of the
steroid by first-pass metabolism by sterically hindering oxidation of the 17β-hydroxyl group.
A methyl group connected to C-1 also can confer oral exercise, as in methenolone or mesterolone, but these two anabolic
steroids are thought-about to be relatively weak in pharmacological exercise.
Anabolic steroids come in the form of tablets, capsules, a solution for injection and a cream or gel to rub into the pores and skin. | 2025-11-01 08:46:22 | 秦关中北边长城
谭其骧 | [未验证] Dieter | ̷Ǥ縣�Ș�ٖб北߳こŠ�
Regardless Of its effectiveness, isotretinoin remedy is mostly reserved for severe nodulocystic scarring zits or zits resistant to other therapies
(68). Isotretinoin, nonetheless, can result in dermatologic, ophthalmologic and psychiatric/psychosomatic opposed events (69), generally
including dry pores and skin, chapped lips, and nostril bleeds (70).
It can also be a potent teratogen in girls and due to this fact carries a high threat of
delivery defects when used during being pregnant or within the few weeks
earlier than conception. In medical practice, dosages of 0.5–1.0 mg/kg bodyweight day by day are normally prescribed.
These may additionally be efficient and show a decrease frequency and severity of treatment-related side effects (71).
Therapy may additionally prevent pimples scarring which
is ready to, obviously, be permanent even after stopping
AAS use. Proper therapeutic use and coping with unlawful misuse of anabolic steroids require an interprofessional team effort.
This includes testosterone, trestolone, androstenediol, drostanolone, ethyldienolone, and any other anabolic and androgenic steroidal agent.
When choosing a steroid, it is essential to assume about your particular goals, tolerance for side effects, and general health.
At All Times consult with a healthcare skilled earlier than beginning any steroid routine to make sure protected and effective
use. It helps athletes obtain a leaner physique by selling fats loss while preserving muscle mass.
Nevertheless, Winstrol can cause joint pain and has the next
risk of liver toxicity in comparison with Anavar. To provide a clearer
comparison, we will have a glance at Anavar in relation to other well-liked
anabolic steroids, such as Dianabol, Testosterone,
and Winstrol. "Performance and image enhancing drugs, similar to steroids, are regulated in Australia for superb reasons as they can have critical well being impacts for users,"
Appearing Commander Senior said.
The effects of cortisol are reduced as metabolic processes are accelerated and
muscle memory is triggered in the physique. With steroids for sale right here at FlexSteroids.com
Australia, coaching turns into extra productive and the
results are rather more obvious. Australia has some of the strictest steroid
laws, with unauthorized possession, use, or importation being criminal offenses.
This class includes metrics such as literacy rates, enrollment rates, teacher-to-student ratio, and educational attainment.
Different metrics like education spending, curriculum high quality, and technological readiness are additionally included.
Crime and security are necessary components that can impression social, financial,
and political stability. This category consists of metrics such as homicide price, robbery price, incarceration rate, and police-to-citizen ratio.
Defence attorneys ensure their purchasers know their rights
and options during court proceedings. If you wish to improve testosterone, libido, higher mood, and general enhance your men's health, right here is one of the best place to Buy enclomiphene citrate online!
For example, for the charge of possession, having a prescription is
a defence providing the prescription was issued before the charges have been laid against you.
Anabolic steroids used accurately and under the steerage of your doctor may be secure for
use. Anabolic steroids may additionally be prescribed to replace muscle lost because of
situations such as cancer or AIDS, or to deal with some types of breast cancer and anaemia.
A maximum penalty of 5 years imprisonment and/or $80,000 fantastic
(500 penalty models x present value of $160) is relevant.
This signifies that such matters will regularly be dealt with
within the Local Court Docket, which is limited to imposing a most penalty of 2 years imprisonment and/or a $11,000 fantastic for a single offence.
To convict a person for utilizing steroids, the prosecution is required to show that the
accused used or attempted to use the steroids in query.
This is defined in section 70(1) of the DPCSA because the smoking, inhalation, or other technique of introducing the drug of dependence into
the body of the accused. The use of steroids has profound implications for athletes and the overarching fitness trade.
This ensures the quality and authenticity of the medications as they are subject
to strict regulatory standards by the TGA. These penalties can range from fines to imprisonment, depending on the amount involved and the nature
of the offence. Of all of the AAS, trenbolone was seen as having the
most deleterious consequences for these who used it.
Customers reported an excessive shift in risk profile for psychosocial harms, particularly
elevated aggression and violent behaviour, in addition to impulsivity regulation points.
The warrants resulted in the location and seizure of anabolic and androgenic substances and a major amount of things
indicating the manufacture and sale of the steroids.
This included $13,600 in money, vials, scales,
micro-filters and commercially produced steroid labels.
Anywhere you want so as long as it’s carried out within the
scope of the regulation, and the legislation could additionally be so open it doesn’t
exist or it could be so tight you’ll need a prescription that won’t
present you a lot at all. D-Bal is a legal different to the
steroid Dianabol, and it is designed to help you build muscle and improve energy.
A muscle building stack is a dietary complement specifically formulated for individuals who wish to build their muscle
tissue in Australia. Legal anabolic and various steroids in Australia enhance muscle mass and decrease fat.
Authorized Alternative Steroids Custemers Earlier Than And After Such
authorized different steroids can be out there in just few locations.
References:
PedsElite
| 2025-11-01 08:46:08 | 尚义县边界上的长城
庞瑞祥 | [未验证] Maurice | ƓɰЩ ：ʐӥИ�߽芏�
This is advantageous, as estrogen contributes to a number of the gains experienced on-cycle (2),
so blocking it isn't optimal. These steroids shall be ranked in order
of efficiency from 1 to five, with 1 producing
the most effective outcomes. We have seen women take Anavar
safely with out growing virilization signs.
Our liver operate tests show Winstrol to be hepatotoxic; thus, users typically take a liver help supplement (such as TUDCA)
to prevent liver enzymes from rising to excessive levels.
Winstrol promotes reasonable increases in lean mass while reducing fat-free mass.
Deca Durabolin (nandrolone decanoate) is an effective anabolic bulking agent.
Also, trenbolone isn't estrogenic (failing to aromatize),
making it a dry compound and thus a very fascinating cutting agent.
If you’re not too involved about testosterone, you need to use Testosterone Cypionate (a slow-acting ester), providing strength and size positive aspects and a few fat
loss. The standard strategy is to run this Test on a gentle dose
with a low dose of an AI to regulate estrogen. Ideally, you’ll need TRT
and might get this via your doctor; in any other case, get hold of the same testosterone and run it with out supervision. This means such a brief cycle might be
favored by individuals with specific causes to run a cycle of
this length somewhat than a standard one.
You can use the identical ancillary compounds because the week
cycle plans, though you won’t get some benefits that need a longer cycle.
Nevertheless, you'll have the ability to think about including something like Clenbuterol and even T3 (Cytomel) or T4 if you’re a sophisticated and assured consumer
who needs to ramp up fat burning. As I’ve already detailed, blasting for
size and power is almost similar to using Anadrol or Dianabol as a kickstart
in longer cycles.
In Accordance to a research in the U.S exhibits three.3% of
highschool students means 12% of boys and 8% of ladies have admitted that they've been used steroids once of their
life. Both Corticosteroids and Anabolic steroids carry various side effects with them if you don’t
consumption them properly. The main medical use of Corticosteroids and Anabolic steroids are different from each other.
First, let’s speak about the various physiological effects of Corticosteroids.
The use of HGH and steroids in skilled sports activities remains a contentious concern, with many high-profile circumstances of athletes facing
sanctions for doping. Governing our bodies worldwide have strict regulations and testing procedures to combat using these substances, reflecting the significant advantages they'll provide in competitive
environments.
Extra potent SARMs might exacerbate pure testosterone to a bigger diploma,
similar to LGD-4033 and RAD 140. Nevertheless, milder SARMs, corresponding to S4 and MK-2866,
can have a much less adverse effect. As beforehand mentioned, liquid SARMs are broken down by the liver, doubtlessly causing alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transferase (AST) enzymes to rise, signifying inflammation and stress for the
organ. Suggestions management of the HPA axis regulates levels of
endogenously synthesized glucocorticoids and prevents the drastic effects in bodily features.
Unfortunately, in follow, SARMs can produce harsh unwanted
facet effects that gained't only equal anabolic steroids but in addition surpass
their toxicity level. Thus, in concept, if a supplement may considerably enhance testosterone levels
to the same diploma as steroids, it might additionally mimic
their outcomes. We have discovered Anavar, Primobolan for aesthetic goals
(Methenolone Acetate), and testosterone undecanoate to be the least toxic
oral steroids. This is a common reaction when injecting,
occurring roughly 20% of the time in our expertise. This just isn't a harmful side effect, despite it being
an anxious expertise for newbies.
Steroids may be particularly potent in sure groups, together with kids, pregnant individuals, and older adults.
It’s essential to speak with a physician about the advantages versus the
risks of these drugs. These unwanted effects are most common with oral corticosteroids and should
ease when you stop taking your drugs (under your doctor’s guidance).
TRT is a medical remedy that usually falls underneath the watchful eye of
people who misunderstand legal TRT and illegal Steroids.
He has multiple certifications from the International Sports Activities
Sciences Affiliation, together with Certified Private Trainer, Fitness Diet Certification, and Energy and Conditioning Certification. He's a educated and
skilled bodybuilding coach, combining his ardour for
health along with his writing skills to coach and encourage.
Whether Or Not beginning out or seeking to take coaching to the next stage, Steve Theunissen is the
ideal coach to assist attain fitness objectives. I’ve coached
more than 300 folks (not all bodybuilders), I actually have a Chemistry
diploma, and I do bodybuilding myself as
well. One phrase that rings true greater than ever right here is the
phrase ‘The poison is within the does".
Testosterone replacement remedy (TRT) is a medically supervised remedy that restores testosterone ranges in men who suffer from low testosterone, which is named hypogonadism. This remedy helps alleviate widespread symptoms similar to low libido, fatigue, muscle loss, and depression. TRT can take several types, including injections, pellets, and topical purposes. Not Like anabolic steroids, which are sometimes misused to enhance muscle mass, TRT is prescribed to deal with hormone imbalances and improve the body’s natural functioning. The advantages of using steroids for performance enhancement are primarily targeted on physical positive aspects. Athletes and bodybuilders typically flip to steroids to speed up muscle progress, increase strength, and improve their overall physique.
We have found Dianabol to be a toxic oral steroid; thus, it regularly reveals undesirable effects on liver values, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Users can eat tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), a liver assist complement, to scale back hepatic pressure. Dr. John Bosley Ziegler formulated Dianabol, intending to create a compound more anabolic than testosterone however much less androgenic. Anavar is a common choice among novices due to its simultaneous discount of fats mass and enhance of lean muscle. | 2025-11-01 08:45:54 | 战国长城的版筑技术——兼谈版筑的起源与发展(1)
任会斌 | [未验证] Charissa | Ɏ�Ჳ：ս�譓��İ痾技
The inhibition of glucocorticoid motion can be due to the
stimulation of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like progress issue (IGF)-1 axis.
In this regard, AASs induce an androgen-mediated stimulation of GH and
the hepatic synthesis of IGF-1, resulting in muscle proteins formation and anabolic
results [5]. Furthermore, testosterone is converted by aromatase motion to
estradiol and estrone, influencing mind and sexual differentiation, bone and muscle mass improve, puberty and sexual capabilities.
Excessive doses of AASs exert an antiestrogenic impact because
of a down-regulation of androgen receptors and
a competition with estrogens with their receptors [18].
One study showed that ex-steroid customers had less subcutaneous fat mass, possibly because of the fat-burning results
of steroids. The full loss of gains after the mice stopped taking steroids doesn’t correlate with what we commonly see in people (who typically retain a major proportion of their positive aspects from steroids).
Nevertheless, this examine could indicate that briefly taking steroids may help somebody maximize their pure potential with extra permanent outcomes.
Anabolic steroids are class C drugs, which might solely be issued by pharmacists
with a prescription. You may suffer from hair loss, an increase in bad ldl cholesterol, sexual problems including erectile dysfunction and
poor sperm quality/count. Winstrol has additionally been linked with causing liver injury and temper swings.
It is actually an lively form of dihydrotestosterone (DHT); the compound that makes your muscle tissue hard.
It has also been linked with preventing the production of
estrogen.
Steroids are chemicals, often hormones, that the body makes naturally to help organs, tissues, and cells carry out routine activities.
The two main forms of steroids are corticosteroids and anabolic steroids.
Anabolic steroids are synthetic hormones (man-made versions of testosterone) that
assist the body within the progress and restore of
muscle tissues. Anabolic and androgenic steroids can be found as prescription drugs to be used in instances during
which the physique doesn't make enough hormone and supplementation may be required.
Some hormone supplements in this pathway include progress hormone and testosterone itself.
These medications are legally prescribed by health-care providers, but
this group of drugs is usually used illegally and abused to assist improve athletic
performance and improve physique look.
Designer steroids are synthetically modified anabolic compounds created to reinforce
muscle development, power, and performance whereas avoiding
detection. Usually experimental, they offer potent effects however might
carry unknown dangers and restricted medical or security information. Do not take this medicine in case you
are pregnant or may become pregnant during therapy.
Many medication are excreted in human milk and there could be the potential for antagonistic reactions in nursing infants from anabolic steroids.
Women use it as a end result of it rarely causes virilization unwanted facet effects
and is even utilized by experienced professionals due to its
muscle-building and fat-burning results. Deca Durabolin injection for muscle hypertrophy
greatest outcomes, we find that Anadrole should
be combined with different legal bulking steroids, such as Decaduro, Testo-Max, D-Bal, and/or Trenorol.
We have seen Testo-Max stacked with varied different legal steroids from Crazy Bulk and produce good
results. Nonetheless, which legal steroid you choose to
stack it with will depend in your goals. Dianabol
stays top-of-the-line steroids for building muscle and bulking up.
However, additional research are wanted in this area,
on circumstance that there isn't any reliable
take a look at to diagnose AAS abuse. Muscle mass seems to be influenced by AAS administration [30,92,93].
Hepatotoxicity is among the most frequent unwanted effects of AAS abuse [82,83].
AAS-induced hepatotoxicity was hypothesized to be associated
to oxidative stress in hepatic cells. Following AR receptor activation an increase in reactive oxygen species could be noticed as a end result of increase
in mitochondrial b-oxidation. Moreover, antioxidant substances have a protective function towards hepatotoxicity mediated
by AASs. It was also demonstrated that androgenic potency and metabolic resistance are
positively linked to the diploma of liver injury [82].
Muscle soreness can be widespread, which could be skilled deep within the muscle
and can final for hours or days. Injectables do
pose some toxicity, and we've even seen them trigger liver
failure in uncommon instances of steroid abuse (3). There are, nevertheless, exceptions to this rule, with injectable steroids similar to testosterone suspension having a detection time
of just 1-2 days. Proviron (mesterolone) is an anabolic steroid that was commonly
utilized in bodybuilding’s Golden Era of the ’70s,
generally being stacked with Dianabol. Trenbolone is significantly more androgenic than Dianabol; thus,
oily pores and skin, acne, and hair loss are more frequent with trenbolone.
Trenbolone isn’t C-17 alpha-alkylated, so it’s not considered a hepatotoxic steroid in average doses, not like Dianabol.
Thus, if customers are anxious about liver injury, trenbolone is the less
deleterious choice.
Steve Theunissen is a seasoned health professional with
25+ years of expertise. He Is a educated and experienced bodybuilding coach, combining his ardour for fitness
along with his writing expertise to teach and inspire.
Whether beginning out or trying to take training to the
next level, Steve Theunissen is the ideal coach to assist attain health objectives.
Look out for products with, Citrus Bergamot, Kaneka� Ubiquinol, Grape Seed Extract,
Celery Seed Extract, Astragalus, N Acetyl Cysteine,
IP6, Tudca, and Pine Bark Extract. | 2025-11-01 08:45:44 | 明清之际的“夜不收”与“捉生”
祁美琴 | [未验证] Lauri | ǮĀș：ķȥ֮�ʵġ�ҹ
From anabolic steroids to SARMs to peptides and ancillary drugs, I've done it sooner or later in my life, and I can relate.
Particularly, scientists might pinpoint several varieties of
metabolites to monitor – sulfate conjugates somewhat
than the previously used glucuronide metabolites.
To put yourself in the best position to keep away from touchdown in hassle when you
intend to make use of steroids and enter any aggressive
events, understanding the basics of how steroid
drug testing works is important. This additionally contains being conscious of all the
principle components that can affect the detection times
of anabolic steroids as a outcome of these may
be surprisingly long and properly past what you might expect.
In most international locations, together with the US,
possessing, shopping for, selling, or using
anabolic steroids and not using a doctor’s prescription just isn't legal.
Check along with your local legal guidelines to search out out the specifics,
and you can see some international locations are fairly lenient or
even permissive of steroid use.
This is precisely the same means SARMs work, however SARMs solely bind the receptors in muscle
and bone tissue. [newline]Steroids have a nasty affinity to
bind to all of the Androgen receptors within the physique.
This just isn't a great thing because it causes unwanted facet effects we wish to keep away from, corresponding to Prostate development.
Here at SteroidDeals, you’ll discover a collection of the most effective oral steroids together with, Dianabol, Anavar, Winstrol, and
Anadrol, and injectable steroids like Testosterone Propionate, Trenbolone, Nandrolone, and Boldenone.
However, it is crucial to focus on potential unwanted aspect effects, such as cardiovascular issues, liver toxicity,
hormonal imbalances, and psychological results like aggression and mood swings.
Due to these risks, it's important to use Trenbolone Acetate cautiously
and ideally under medical supervision. Cleveland Clinic’s major care
providers supply lifelong medical care. From sinus infections and high blood pressure to preventive screening,
we’re right here for you.
Testosterone ranges lower again after the brokers are discontinued, implying that they don't remedy
the underlying explanation for hypogonadism. As such, it stays to be seen whether
or not they present efficacy within the case of AAS-induced hypogonadism, as PCT is often carried out for a few weeks.
In the HAARLEM examine, testosterone ranges had been similar three months after cessation of AAS use
in those who did and didn't perform PCT, however a small useful impact
inside this timeframe couldn't be excluded (46). Lastly, hCG directly stimulates the testes to produce testosterone by binding to the luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) which it shares with LH.
This might result in continued suppression of LH and FSH levels when employed as
PCT, however is assumed by AAS customers to help in recovery of testicular perform.
Dietary dietary supplements are often categorised as natural health
products (NHPs). Licensed NHPs are issued a Natural Product Number (NPN) or a
Homeopathic Medicine Number (DIN-HM) by Well Being Canada confirming their security,
efficacy and high quality. You have to spray the drug into the nostrils, normally must spray 2-3
times a day. Nasal steroids are less widespread in bodybuilding, they
normally developed for particular medical purposes. Anabolic steorid powder shortens AAS raw, it is a man-made model of
compound by lab or steroids manufacturer.
Nonetheless, you can go a great distance in accurately
predicting how long you may be vulnerable to steroid detection just by understanding how every issue influences
the detection time frame. One of essentially the most significant financial dangers of
purchasing for steroids is if you don’t obtain them; you both obtain fakes or get nothing.
However by sticking with recognized, respected, and trusted sources, you should be capable of
remain confident that you simply won’t be throwing money at scammers or counterfeiters.
The finest wager is to become involved in the community, including steroid users, most of
whom probably aren’t brazenly boasting about utilizing gear.
Non-public chats and forums will allow you to be taught the
best and most secure way of buying for steroids to attenuate authorized problems.
It can typically take a few months after stopping your PED cycle earlier than your regular menstrual cycle resumes.
For instance, testosterone can enlarge a woman’s clitoris and reduce
her breast measurement. For greatest results, we discover that stacking Anvarol with different legal slicing steroids enhances fat burning
and muscle definition. Anavarol’s finest stacking choices,
in our expertise, are Clenbutrol, Winsol, and/or Testo-Max.
The above unwanted facet effects, plus the truth that Sustanon 250 is an injectable steroid, can lead to some individuals avoiding this anabolic steroid.
Testo-Max solves all of those issues, so it’s comprehensible why this legal steroid is highly coveted.
Loopy Bulk is the main retailer of legal steroids online, promoting over 500,000 bottles.
We have every little thing from Testosterone Cypionate and Testosterone Enanthate to Trenbolone Acetate and
Deca Durabolin. These injectable steroids are perfect for anybody trying to begin a sophisticated bulking cycle.
When it comes to purchasing steroids in Australia, it’s essential to choose a reliable and reputable
source. Aussie Steroid Pharma offers a seamless and safe shopping experience for patrons seeking to buy anabolic steroids.
We have discovered it to be much like Anavar in regard to its advantages, though slightly
extra highly effective, inflicting harsher unwanted effects.
The draw back of Anavar is that it is extremely costly, because of
the difficulty in manufacturing this compound and excessive
demand. Subsequently, the monetary cost of experiencing reasonable positive aspects is very excessive.
Deca Durabolin is a popular injectable bulking steroid, sometimes used within the off-season.
Crazy Bulk’s Anadrole formulation is synthesized to imitate the anabolic effects
of Anadrol but with out the harsh side effects. Crazy Bulk has received positive
evaluations on other web sites; nevertheless, not all
websites are to be trusted, as they are not from verified clients
and thus can be faked (by themselves or competitors). Nonetheless, third-party web sites can verify if the particular person leaving the evaluate is an actual buyer or not;
therefore, these could be trusted.
References:
Further Reading Suggestions
| 2025-11-01 08:45:31 | 明蒙隆庆和议前后边疆社会的变迁——以大同和丰州滩之间碰撞交流为中心
全太锦 | [未验证] Tiffiny | ȫ̫?����?Ȭ?Β&
Hi, i think that i saw you visited my site so i came to “return the favor".I'm trying to find things to improve my web site!I suppose its ok to use some of your ideas!!
Here is my blog post ... Kudos | 2025-11-01 08:45:11 | 灵寿县古长城
苏云山 | [未验证] Chau | ̕Նɽ：�˙И�ųこŠ…… 长�&#
My life went from being a wide-eyed, green bike racer
from Marblehead, Massachusetts to some years later in a little little bit of
a darkish world, very secretive, two totally different faces.
I felt more like a quantity, the numbers that I produced on the bike,
you may have all this data that you can record whereas you’re biking, those numbers grew
to become type of whether or not I was pleased or not.
Anabolic steroids, synthetic substances related to
testosterone, have restricted purposes in elderly care. Whereas they might help
construct muscle mass and enhance bone density, their use in older adults is usually restricted as
a result of potential unwanted aspect effects and dangers.
There are different dangers that move a woman’s body
closer to the event of the male body.
Thus, it will be applicable to have an AI prepared in case the nipples start to get puffy or swollen. We discover that taking an AI before this level is often pointless and will only
exacerbate the already serious cardiovascular strain that trenbolone poses.
Aromatization, or the stimulation of estrogen receptors, is not going to happen on trenbolone.
Thus, some assume that trenbolone cannot cause gynecomastia, which isn't
correct. This causes a transient impact that in the end leads to a crash post-cycle
when trenbolone injections cease. We see the unfavorable
side effects of tren occurring more at greater dosages (over 400 mg/week).
You cannot definitively know what to expect from tren till you inject it, as folks have
completely different experiences based mostly on their genetics.
They have been shown to extend muscle mass, which
ends up in elevated velocity and power output
(5). Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are a synthetic type of testosterone, which
is the primary male sex hormone (1). It can set off mood swings, fatigue, restlessness,
achy muscle tissue, and despair.
Its popularity can be attributed to the constructive experiences and testimonials of customers who have achieved their desired
outcomes while sustaining a greater level of security
and tolerability. This is a superb steroid to incorporate
in a cutting cycle, notably at the beginning of the
cycle. Many customers will choose to stop utilizing Equipoise for the
remaining weeks of a chopping cycle whereas continuing with non-aromatizing steroids to remove
all fluid retention. Equipoise is especially good at retaining lean muscle tissue,
making it useful for slicing. Swapping reliable EQ for a cheaper
testosterone steroid is, unfortunately, another tactic of unscrupulous sellers.
Fortunately, all of the suppliers with a optimistic reputation within the bodybuilding neighborhood sell high-quality UGL Boldenone.
Oestrogens, although current in much smaller concentrations compared to
androgens, have strong suppressive results on gonadotrophin production (10).
Anti-oestrogens, such as tamoxifen and clomiphene citrate,
have been proven to stimulate gonadotrophin and testosterone manufacturing reasonably in eugonadal men (11).
Consequently, these substances are regularly used as PCT, based on the unproven assumption that they
will pace up restoration of the male hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.
Among users, cycles can be characterized as ‘bulking’
or ‘cutting’ cycles. Bulking refers again to the interval during
which an individual maintains a caloric surplus together with heavy weight training in order to maximize muscle development.
Testosterone, boldenone, nandrolone and methandienone are usually, but not
solely, seen as bulk brokers. Fat tissue, whereas for physique builders, a very low body fat share is required to acquire a lean or ‘shredded’ look.
Long-term use can cause the body to provide too many purple
blood cells and abnormal ranges of fat (lipids) within the blood.
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)—the bad—cholesterol ranges improve,
and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)—the good—cholesterol levels
decrease. Extreme cardiovascular complications, including high blood pressure,
coronary heart assault, and blood clots, are reported with the use of anabolic
steroids. However, these results usually come at the value of a wide range of
doubtless dangerous medical circumstances. In females, anabolic
steroids trigger masculinization or the abnormal improvement of male sexual characteristics in a female.
Particularly, breast size and body fat lower, the skin turns into
coarse, and the voice deepens 99.
The need to conform to societal requirements and achieve success can create an surroundings where using
performance-enhancing substances is normalized.
Nonetheless, like all steroid, it’s crucial to manage dosages rigorously and be conscious of potential side effects.
Combining it with testosterone in a test equipoise or eq and take a look at cycle can amplify your results.
One Other reason why bodybuilders are probably to favor this steroid
is of the reality that it has been discovered to advertise fats loss.
Nonetheless, there is a connection between steroid agents and diabetes that stems from
the way these medication have an result on fats tissue within the
physique. Whereas male customers expertise a discount within the percentage of physique
fats, anabolics cause individuals to have more visceral fat.
This tissue that surrounds numerous organs has been linked to type 2 diabetes before.
According to a examine revealed within the Journal of the European Affiliation, this occurs as
a result of as sufferers use AAS, the risk of insulin resistance can be elevated.
The purpose of this review was to not assist or condone anabolic steroid use.
Vascular reactivity to phenylephrine and acetylcholine confirmed
no alterations in male Wistar rats treated with AAS (Seara
et al., 2020). This susceptibility appears to correlate with the dosage and efficiency of
synthetic compounds (Socas et al., 2005). AAS induces intracellular androgenic actions that
stimulate gene cascades important for cellular homeostasis.
The use of nandrolone decanoate in rats for six- and twelve weeks
increased AST and ALT, whatever the dose and duration of use (Salem and Alnahdi, 2020).
Anabolic steroids can solely be issued by pharmacists with a prescription. People who misuse anabolic steroids
as performance-enhancing medicine are recognized to expertise severe unwanted facet effects and also
can turn into depending on them, resulting in long-term dependancy issues.
References:
PedsElite
| 2025-11-01 08:44:43 | 美国哈佛大学汉和图书馆藏《边城御虏图说》研究
尚珩 | [未验证] Cristine | ʐ豣�Ā�銻����汉
If a person is susceptible to acne vulgaris, trenbolone is more likely to trigger additional breakouts
because of its androgenic nature. A notable discount in extracellular water
could make a lean person look significantly extra ripped.
However, a person higher in body fats might not notice any
will increase in muscle definition merely from shifts in water.
Generally, we've discovered trenbolone’s fat-burning results to be
overpowered by its ability to pack on muscle; thus, most will make the most of trenbolone when attempting to achieve lean mass.
Some of our sufferers come to the conclusion that
trenbolone just isn't price it as a result of its harsh side effects, being some of the toxic
steroids a person can take (physiologically and psychologically).
Keep In Mind, accountable Primobolan usage entails not only adhering to beneficial dosages but also prioritizing total health, well-being, and informed decision-making.
It is essential to strike a stability between achieving
desired outcomes and minimizing potential
dangers, at all times inserting safety as the highest precedence.
DHT additionally appears to be damaged down in skeletal muscle by inactivation to 3α-androstanediol by
the enzyme 3α-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase (20, 21).
Indeed, modifications in fat-free mass in response to graded doses of testosterone are unaffected by DHT
suppression with the potent 5α-reductase inhibitor dutasteride (22).
The conversion of testosterone to DHT reveals
saturable Michaelis-Menten kinetics with an estimated in vivo Km worth
of 3.35 nM (23). Bioactivation by way of this pathway right into a
stronger androgen doesn't seem to occur for any
of the opposite generally used AAS (24).
Orally ingested AAS are quickly absorbed within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract,
with serum concentrations peaking 1–2 hours after ingestion of methyltestosterone
(8). With Out structural modification to withstand first-pass
metabolism, a large fraction of the absorbed AAS will be metabolized earlier than leaving the liver
and re-entering the circulation. For instance, after oral administration of 25 mg testosterone,
lower than 1 mg (4%) becomes systemically available (9).
Left ventricular perform and anabolic steroid use/abuse has been examined.
However, when these athletes self-administered anabolic steroids, the next proportion of
wave kind abnormalities were exhibited. Further evidence suggestive of
left ventricular dysfunction has been reported in rodent models.
A study on rats has proven that eight weeks of testosterone administration elevated
left ventricle stiffness and caused a discount in stroke volume and
cardiac efficiency (LeGros et al., 2000). It was
hypothesized that the elevated stiffness might have been associated to formation of crosslinks between adjoining collagen molecules throughout the coronary heart.
The following is an aggressive PCT protocol designed by Dr.
Michael Scally, a leading skilled in hormone substitute.
This was used in a medical setting on 19 men, in which 100% of them recovered their pure testosterone manufacturing forty five days after taking steroids.
When testosterone will increase, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels of cholesterol also enhance.
You begin by taking a low dose of one or more anabolic
steroids, after which increase your dosage over time.
Once you get to a most dose, you cease taking them for a rest interval earlier than beginning again. What’s extra,
individuals who misuse these steroids sometimes take doses between 10 and one
hundred times stronger than those prescribed for legitimate
medical circumstances.
We find that top estrogen will increase sensitivity to sodium;
thus, if a person’s sodium consumption is reasonable and so
they take Anadrol, they will retain more water.
Due to Anadrol’s drastic impact on HDL levels
of cholesterol, water retention, and purple blood cell
count, it is a steroid that has a unfavorable impact on the guts.
Anadrol may also elevate blood strain because of it significantly increasing red
blood cell count. In analysis, Anadrol customers have experienced up to 5x the
number of red blood cells compared to a traditional individual (12).
Anadrole is finest suited to men wanting to build vital amounts of
muscle with out shutting down their testosterone,
straining their liver, or elevating blood strain levels.
Current observations have shown a dose-dependent improve in left ventricular
hypertrophy (LVH) in anabolic steroid users (Parssinen and Seppala, 2002).
This might have the potential to exacerbate the discount in coronary vasculature density.
Nevertheless, the authors have acknowledged that their outcomes could have been potentiated by
a concomitant use of human development hormone by their topics.
Other research have failed to show additive results of anabolic steroid administration and LVH
in resistance-trained athletes (Palatini et al., 1996; Dickerman et al., 1998).
Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AASs), commonly generally identified as anabolic steroids, are a large
group of molecules including endogenously produced
androgens, corresponding to testosterone, in addition to
synthetically manufactured derivatives [1]. Testosterone, Nandrolone Decanoate (ND), methandienone,
and methenolol, are essentially the most commonly abused androgens [2].
Almost half of AAS customers consider themselves to be addicted to AAS, mainly due to the perceived optimistic results on thoughts
and physique. Virtually all users report optimistic effects when utilizing AAS K鰌 Clen online – fullst鋘dig guide
more muscle mass, more power, less fat mass, extra power
and enhanced focus. Although nearly all customers additionally report negative effects, these are principally expected, gentle and transient and do not outweigh the beneficial results (3).
Additionally, a medical professional from Wisconsin claims that even over-the-counter anabolic steroid supplements are thought of one
of many culprits for hepatotoxicity. It’s price noting
that bodybuilders typically consume significantly larger
dosages of anabolic steroids compared to medical
settings, thus growing the risk of unwanted effects.
There’s also evidence to counsel that steroids
have a permanent effect on the myonuclei inside your muscle
cells (34). In one research, mice were briefly exposed to anabolic steroids, which led to significant muscle development that returned to normal ranges
when steroid use was discontinued. D-Bal is formulated to
imitate the highly effective effects of Dianabol however with out inflicting liver toxicity, high blood
pressure, gynecomastia, water retention, high estrogen,
hair loss, or suppressed testosterone post-cycle. Several medication could be taken following Dianabol cycles to
help restore pure testosterone production.
GGT and bilirubin ranges in serum do not seem to extend in response to train (111).
The membrane-bound enzyme GGT is expressed within the kidneys, pancreas,
spleen, lungs, brain, intestines, coronary heart, prostate and liver – where it is mainly expressed in areas which would
possibly be rich in biliary epithelial cells (112).
An improve in GGT is a sensitive measure of cholestatic
liver illness (113). The collective improve in these serum markers
should thus be interpreted as an indication of liver harm, even in the presence of concomitant muscular exercise.
While it remains to be determined if and to what extent an AAS-induced increment in blood pressure will increase CVD risk,
it appears prudent to discourage use when an AAS user meets the criteria for hypertension. If a
patient continues utilizing AAS long-term nonetheless,
therapy seems sensible. Long-standing untreated hypertension may
exacerbate the detrimental effects of AAS on cardiac
structure and performance, maybe making blood stress treatment on this inhabitants particularly relevant. | 2025-11-01 08:44:40 | 伊比利亚文献对长城早期记载一瞥
金国平、吴志良 | [未验证] Phillipp | ���健�Ϣ־|：Ӂ�ɀ&#
The most important good thing about Clen is its constructive impression on metabolism.
With your metabolism working more effectively, your physique can’t assist but burn physique fats, especially when you’re on a calorie deficit food regimen while cutting.
Though removed from a muscle-building compound, Clen will help prevent muscle
wastage while chopping, because of its minor anabolic properties that mildly improve protein synthesis.
Clen boosts the metabolic fee, which at its core is brought on by increased body temperature (this contributes to some possible
side effects). Some customers discover the metabolic results
wane with continued use, so a two-week on and two-week off routine is commonly very effective.
This is an anabolic steroid used within the livestock industry to increase muscle progress in cattle.
Only some esters of Tren are available, with Trenbolone itself not out there.
Masteron won’t have an amazing quantity of side effects, but some individuals
have reported hair loss to be distinguished while on Masteron. Primo is not really identified to cause
extreme side effects and that is why it is used in greater quantities by bodybuilders and even girls.
HGH does have unwanted facet effects, corresponding to decreased insulin sensitivity,
water retention, and perhaps carpal tunnel syndrome.
That said, in comparison with the unwanted aspect effects we know of from Steroids, this is
nothing. When choosing steroids, it’s crucial to know what
steroids have the least unwanted side effects to ensure a steadiness between effectiveness and
safety. To equip you with the essentials for safer steroid use, making
certain gains with out pointless dangers.
Due to its mild nature, a testosterone-only cycle is often utilized by newbies,
promoting giant will increase in mass. We find that Dianabol doesn't cause important androgenic
results due to the 5α-reductase enzyme being notably much less, lowering the conversion of testosterone into DHT.
In our expertise, it's a powerful muscle-building agent that also shows
hepatotoxic and estrogenic traits. Injectable steroids are well-known for his or
her immediate delivery of exogenous testosterone into the bloodstream while preventing excessive strain on the liver.
However, trenbolone causes a lot of suppression regarding endogenous testosterone in studies (13), so it’s a steroid that should be used with nice warning (especially when stacked with different toxic
steroids like Anadrol). Halotestin (otherwise known as Halo) is
a steroid frequently utilized by bodybuilders and different athletes,
including powerlifters, strongmen, boxers,
fighters, and sprinters.
This plasma expander was first mentioned within the
IOC doping list on 1 January 2003 under masking
agents. This metabolite of clomiphene was first addressed in WADA documentation from 2004 as a marker
for anti-estrogen use. Eformoterol is permitted by inhalation with a completed Abbreviated TUE kind.
It is actually an lively form of dihydrotestosterone (DHT); the compound that makes your muscular
tissues exhausting. Folks typically take between 2 to 4 IUs a day to assist cut back
the effects of growing older and as a lot as 10IUs to help
with building lean muscle. Protein is crucial for muscle restore and the breaking down of fat to increase power levels.
Trying on the quantity of quick food restaurants, it’s not hard to imagine.
Fiber has been proven to significantly improve insulin sensitivity, improve cholesterol markers,
and may perhaps help with blood stress as nicely.
Force Production (strength) comes predominantly from DHT –
Dihydrogentestosterone. DHT increases the phosphorylation (the chemical addition of a phosphoryl group (PO3-) to an organic molecule) of proteins
of the contractile tissue (muscle) corresponding to troponin I and myosin binding protein C.
There’s no denying that Testosterone is a good drug for muscle constructing.
It provides decent Anabolism, converts to DHT (increase in strength)
in addition to converts into Estrogen. High(er) Estrogen is always an excellent
factor, up till the point you see feminizing side effects (Breast Tissue Development).
If you take anabolic steroids exterior of a physician's care, you might have severe unwanted aspect effects that
can have a adverse impact in your well being. Discuss to
your physician about potential therapy plans when you're apprehensive about misusing steroids.
They also can assist decrease estrogen levels, which can help deal with estrogen receptor positive breast most cancers by blocking the growth of
most cancers cells that use estrogen to grow.
For people with most cancers or AIDS who are losing muscle, anabolic steroids increase the number of androgen receptors
in skeletal muscle and improve it in dimension and strength.
Any effective bulking steroid will increase energy considerably as a consequence
of elevated muscle mass, testosterone ranges,
protein synthesis, and intracellular water weight.
Then, some guys use more than 3000mg of steroids per week (not recommended).
The primary point is that using these high doses works for them,
nevertheless it doesn’t make sense to me. With experience,
you get to work out what offers YOU the most effective results, however no one ought to be beginning with huge doses.
The quick cycle size naturally lends itself to minimizing or lowering the severity of testosterone suppression.
It makes PCT a sooner and easier course of than required
after a much longer cycle and one the place slower-acting compounds are used.
As a complicated person, you will be well-informed on correctly utilizing SERMs or aromatase inhibitors
to manage unwanted side effects and handle different potential risks.
Its use as a treatment for anemia is a testomony to its ability to enhance red blood cell depend.
Bodybuilders and athletes could use testosterone to boost
their physique and Performance nutrition facts for several causes.
Testosterone is a naturally occurring hormone in the physique
that plays an important function in muscle growth and improvement.
By using exogenous testosterone, such as anabolic steroids, individuals purpose
to extend their testosterone ranges beyond what is naturally produced.
Some steroids are stronger on this effect than others, however all males will want to
cope with this facet impact regardless of which compound is being used.
There are plenty of causes girls select not to use steroids to reinforce their physique or enhance efficiency.
Females who use steroids are vulnerable to appreciable physiological adjustments.
This is the pure consequence of putting a lot larger amounts of testosterone or
related male hormones into the female physique.
These are two-weeks on, three-weeks off, two-weeks on, and four-weeks off cycles.
Short-acting and fast-working compounds on a brief cycle will present small and gradual features over time. | 2025-11-01 08:44:23 | 杨一清的安边策及其历史价值
何兆吉 | [未验证] Ara | �ϕ�Үһȥ�İ脖߲
In the HAARLEM study, LDL-cholesterol increased by zero.45 mmol/L compared
with baseline (46). In doing so, it may be very important pay consideration to blood stress cuff measurement.
AAS customers are extra probably to have giant higher arm circumferences, and
an inappropriately small cuff will overestimate blood stress.
The significance of utilizing an acceptable cuff dimension in a muscular inhabitants
was underscored in a trial inspecting blood pressure in a cohort
of competitive bodybuilders (96). In these with an higher
arm circumference larger than 33 cm, systolic blood stress was 8.2 mmHg higher utilizing cuff size M compared with cuff measurement L.
As a end result, 33% of the themes would be categorised as hypertensive utilizing the –
inappropriate – cuff dimension M, whereas only
12% could be categorised as such using cuff measurement L.
On a bigger scale, the expansion of physique elements similar to bones and muscles is anabolic.
Bone growth, or ossification, happens when bone is
shaped from cells referred to as osteoclasts. This course of can also be anabolic; throughout mineralization, osteoblasts produce calcium phosphate crystals which are
integrated into the bone’s structure, making the bones onerous and sturdy.
Proteins are macromolecules that carry out mobile activities
encoded by an organism’s genes. They have many different features in the body, together with DNA replication, aiding
chemical reactions (as enzymes), transporting materials in the cell, cell development
and signaling, and offering physical structure.
In some instances, critical withdrawal signs of anabolic steroids include[18] psychiatric problems
and melancholy which could turn out to be even suicidal for the users.
Anabolic steroids, additionally called anabolic-androgenic
steroids (AASs), might help construct muscle and enhance athletic efficiency, but they can also have important adverse results,
especially when used incorrectly. Testosterone is important for
promoting and maintaining muscle progress and creating secondary male
sex characteristics, similar to a deep voice and facial hair.
Healthcare providers mainly prescribe anabolic steroids to deal with low testosterone (male hypogonadism).
However they use it for other circumstances as well,
corresponding to to stimulate muscle progress for people with sure cancers or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
This evaluate subsequently supplies a comprehensive overview of this class of hormones’ fundamental pharmacology and side effects.
It remains debatable whether or not physicians should medically target negative effects of AAS use.
Obviously, discontinuing AAS could be the preferred resolution for virtually every aspect impact.
This might be inspired by patient training on the attainable dangers and addressing psychological issues that
maintain AAS use, such as body dysmorphia and habit.
If the patient is nonetheless unwilling to give up, physicians might contemplate therapy to reduce
back hurt, as is customary in the strategy and treatment of, for example, people who smoke and alcoholics.
Assuming you are referring to anabolic steroids, outcomes can range relying
on the individual. Generally talking, you will notice noticeable features within 4-12 weeks of use.
However, some individuals may see outcomes eventually than this timeframe.
Results also depend on factors similar to the kind of steroid used, dosage, and frequency of use.
Instead of managed trials, the National Institute on herb Usage’s beneficial remedies for anabolic steroid abuse depends
primarily on the experiences of medical professionals and case research.
A small percentage of anabolic steroid users could show traits of addicts.
Addicts incessantly interact in actions such as consuming herbs
regardless of the consequences, investing excessive time and effort in acquiring
herbs, and experiencing withdrawal symptoms after stopping.
Steroid abuse stunts peak, increases weight, dampens immunity, and may
harm the kidneys, liver, and coronary heart. Psychiatric signs include melancholy,
delusions, and violent tendencies, typically known as "'roid rage." Anabolic androgenic
steroids are manufactured drugs designed to mimic the effects
of testosterone, the sex hormone mainly produced within the gonads
– the glands concerned in replica (testicles or ovaries).
Anabolic Steroids are a class of artificial drugs whose effects
mimic the naturally-occurring male hormone testosterone.
The hormone also tells bones that they want to cease developing by sending them signals.
Abuse of steroids may cause hormone levels to rise unnaturally, which might tell the
bone tissue to stop growing early. Quick dimension or tendon rupture could be unwanted aspect effects of steroids on the musculoskeletal system.
AASs can affect the liver in various methods, but the seventeen-alkylated AASs are more poisonous to the liver
than different AASs. Most generally, AASs cause the liver to release additional quantities of enzymes into the bloodstream
that might be easily measured by a blood test.
The liver enzymes normally return to regular ranges when AASs are stopped.
The liver additionally releases a substance known as bilirubin, which in high quantities could
cause the skin and eyes to turn yellow (a situation known as jaundice).
Anabolic steroids are compounds, derived from testosterone, which promote tissue progress and
repair. As A Outcome Of they have been used improperly by physique builders and other athletes, they are managed substances under Usa federal legislation. Whether Or Not AASs actually work
to enhance efficiency and look has been debated.
Invariably, users believe AASs do work, but some scientific studies have failed to indicate an impact.
However, there are critical limitations to how
these studies had been done and what they may show.
The result of all of this is that "juice" refers to any liquid and its
results. The origin of the word when specifically referencing steroids, is probably going never to be found.
And because all levels of sports — from highschool to the pros — test athletes for steroid use, there's
a good likelihood the particular person will get caught.
Then, they're going to face a lot of embarrassment and might be banned from the sport.
Quite than fruitlessly fighting progress, critics believe sports should
embrace enhancement underneath medical supervision for fairness
and safety. Such regulated doping might evolve sports activities into a battle of know-how and innovation quite than just pure physiques.
The info and supplies contained on this website aren't intended to represent a comprehensive guide
regarding all elements of the therapy, product or therapy described
on the website.
References:
PedsElite
| 2025-11-01 08:44:01 |
第 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | 52 | 53 | 54 | 55 | 56 | 57 | 58 | 59 | 60 | 61 | 62 | 63 | 64 | 65 | 66 | 67 | 68 | 69 | 70 | 71 | 72 | 73 | 74 | 75 | 76 | 77 | 78 | 79 | 80 | 81 | 82 | 83 | 84 | 85 | 86 | 87 | 88 | 89 | 90 | 91 | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | 100 | 101 | 102 | 103 | 104 | 105 | 106 | 107 | 108 | 109 | 110 | 111 | 112 | 113 | 114 | 115 | 116 | 117 | 118 | 119 | 120 | 121 | 122 | 123 | 124 | 125 | 126 | 127 | 128 | 129 | 130 | 131 | 132 | 133 | 134 | 135 | 136 | 137 | 138 | 139 | 140 | 141 | 142 | 143 | 144 | 145 | 146 | 147 | 148 | 149 | 150 | 151 | 152 | 153 | 154 | 155 | 156 | 157 | 158 | 159 | 160 | 161 | 162 | 163 | 164 | 165 | 166 | 167 | 168 | 169 | 170 | 171 | 172 | 173 | 174 | 175 | 176 | 177 | 178 | 179 | 180 | 181 | 182 | 183 | 184 | 185 | 186 | 187 | 188 | 189 | 190 | 191 | 192 | 193 | 194 | 195 | 196 | 197 | 198 | 199 | 200 | 201 | 202 | 203 | 204 | 205 | 206 | 207 | 208 | 209 | 210 | 211 | 212 | 213 | 214 | 215 | 216 | 217 | 218 | 219 | 220 | 221 | 222 | 223 | 224 | 225 | 226 | 227 | 228 | 229 | 230 | 231 | 232 | 233 | 234 | 235 | 236 | 237 | 238 | 239 | 240 | 241 | 242 | 243 | 244 | 245 | 246 | 247 | 248 | 249 | 250 | 251 | 252 | 253 | 254 | 255 | 256 | 257 | 258 | 259 | 260 | 261 | 262 | 263 | 264 | 265 | 266 | 267 | 268 | 269 | 270 | 271 | 272 | 273 | 274 | 275 | 276 | 277 | 278 | 279 | 280 | 281 | 282 | 283 | 284 | 285 | 286 | 287 | 288 | 289 | 290 | 291 | 292 | 293 | 294 | 295 | 296 | 297 | 298 | 299 | 300 | 301 | 302 | 303 | 304 | 305 | 306 | 307 | 308 | 309 | 310 | 311 | 312 | 313 | 314 | 315 | 316 | 317 | 318 | 319 | 320 | 321 | 322 | 323 | 324 | 325 | 326 | 327 | 328 | 329 | 330 | 331 | 332 | 333 | 334 | 335 | 336 | 337 | 338 | 339 | 340 | 341 | 342 | 343 | 344 | 345 | 346 | 347 | 348 | 349 | 350 | 351 | 352 | 353 | 354 | 355 | 356 | 357 | 358 | 359 | 360 | 361 | 362 | 363 | 364 | 365 | 366 | 367 | 368 | 369 | 370 | 371 | 372 | 373 | 374 | 375 | 376 | 377 | 378 | 379 | 380 | 381 | 382 | 383 | 384 | 385 | 386 | 387 | 388 | 389 | 390 | 391 | 392 | 393 | 394 | 395 | 396 | 397 | 398 | 399 | 400 | 401 | 402 | 403 | 404 | 405 | 406 | 407 | 408 | 409 | 410 | 411 | 412 | 413 | 414 | 415 | 416 | 417 | 418 | 419 | 420 | 421 | 422 | 423 | 424 | 425 | 426 | 427 | 428 | 429 | 430 | 431 | 432 | 433 | 434 | 435 | 436 | 437 | 438 | 439 | 440 | 441 | 442 | 443 | 444 | 445 | 446 | 447 | 448 | 449 | 450 | 451 | 452 | 453 | 454 | 455 | 456 | 457 | 458 | 459 | 460 | 461 | 462 | 463 | 464 | 465 | 466 | 467 | 468 | 469 | 470 | 471 | 472 | 473 | 474 | 475 | 476 | 477 | 478 | 479 | 480 | 481 | 482 | 483 | 484 | 485 | 486 | 487 | 488 | 489 | 490 | 491 | 492 | 493 | 494 | 495 | 496 | 497 | 498 | 499 | 500 | 501 | 502 | 503 | 504 | 505 | 506 | 507 | 508 | 509 | 510 | 511 | 512 | 513 | 514 | 515 | 516 | 517 | 518 | 519 | 520 | 521 | 522 | 523 | 524 | 525 | 526 | 527 | 528 | 529 | 530 | 531 | 532 | 533 | 534 | 535 | 536 | 537 | 538 | 539 | 540 | 541 | 542 | 543 | 544 | 545 | 546 | 547 | 548 | 549 | 550 | 551 | 552 | 553 | 554 | 555 | 556 | 557 | 558 | 559 | 560 | 561 | 562 | 563 | 564 | 565 | 566 | 567 | 568 | 569 | 570 | 571 | 572 | 573 | 574 | 575 | 576 | 577 | 578 | 579 | 580 | 581 | 582 | 583 | 584 | 585 | 586 | 587 | 588 | 589 | 590 | 591 | 592 | 593 | 594 | 595 | 596 | 597 | 598 | 599 | 600 | 601 | 602 | 603 | 604 | 605 | 606 | 607 | 608 | 609 | 610 | 611 | 612 | 613 | 614 | 615 | 616 | 617 | 618 | 619 | 620 | 621 | 622 | 623 | 624 | 625 | 626 | 627 | 628 | 629 | 630 | 631 | 632 | 633 | 634 | 635 | 636 | 637 | 638 | 639 | 640 | 641 | 642 | 643 | 644 | 645 | 646 | 647 | 648 | 649 | 650 | 651 | 652 | 653 | 654 | 655 | 656 | 657 | 658 | 659 | 660 | 661 | 662 | 663 | 664 | 665 | 666 | 667 | 668 | 669 | 670 | 671 | 672 | 673 | 674 | 675 | 676 | 677 | 678 | 679 | 680 | 681 | 682 | 683 | 684 | 685 | 686 | 687 | 688 | 689 | 690 | 691 | 692 | 693 | 694 | 695 | 696 | 697 | 698 | 699 | 700 | 701 | 702 | 703 | 704 | 705 | 706 | 707 | 708 | 709 | 710 | 711 | 712 | 713 | 714 | 715 | 716 | 717 | 718 | 719 | 720 | 721 | 722 | 723 | 724 | 725 | 726 | 727 | 728 | 729 | 730 | 731 | 732 | 733 | 734 | 735 | 736 | 737 | 738 | 739 | 740 | 741 | 742 | 743 | 744 | 745 | 746 | 747 | 748 | 749 | 750 | 751 | 752 | 753 | 754 | 755 | 756 | 757 | 758 | 759 | 760 | 761 | 762 | 763 | 764 | 765 | 766 | 767 | 768 | 769 | 770 | 771 | 772 | 773 | 774 | 775 | 776 | 777 | 778 | 779 | 780 | 781 | 782 | 783 | 784 | 785 | 786 | 787 | 788 | 789 | 790 | 791 | 792 | 793 | 794 | 795 | 796 | 797 | 798 | 799 | 800 | 801 | 802 | 803 | 804 | 805 | 806 | 807 | 808 | 809 | 810 | 811 | 812 | 813 | 814 | 815 | 816 | 817 | 818 | 819 | 820 | 821 | 822 | 823 | 824 | 825 | 826 | 827 | 828 | 829 | 830 | 831 | 832 | 833 | 834 | 835 | 836 | 837 | 838 | 839 | 840 | 841 | 842 | 843 | 844 | 845 | 846 | 847 | 848 | 849 | 850 | 851 | 852 | 853 | 854 | 855 | 856 | 857 | 858 | 859 | 860 | 861 | 862 | 863 | 864 | 865 | 866 | 867 | 868 | 869 | 870 | 871 | 872 | 873 | 874 | 875 | 876 | 877 | 878 | 879 | 880 | 881 | 882 | 883 | 884 | 885 | 886 | 887 | 888 | 889 | 890 | 891 | 892 | 893 | 894 | 895 | 896 | 897 | 898 | 899 | 900 | 901 | 902 | 903 | 904 | 905 | 906 | 907 | 908 | 909 | 910 | 911 | 912 | 913 | 914 | 915 | 916 | 917 | 918 | 919 | 920 | 921 | 922 | 923 | 924 | 925 | 926 | 927 | 928 | 929 | 930 | 931 | 932 | 933 | 934 | 935 | 936 | 937 | 938 | 939 | 940 | 941 | 942 | 943 | 944 | 945 | 946 | 947 | 948 | 949 | 950 | 951 | 952 | 953 | 954 | 955 | 956 | 957 | 958 | 959 | 960 | 961 | 962 | 963 | 964 | 965 | 966 | 967 | 968 | 969 | 970 | 971 | 972 | 973 | 974 | 975 | 976 | 977 | 978 | 979 | 980 | 981 | 982 | 983 | 984 | 985 | 986 | 987 | 988 | 989 | 990 | 991 | 992 | 993 | 994 | 995 | 996 | 997 | 998 | 999 | 1000 | 1001 | 1002 | 1003 | 1004 | 1005 | 1006 | 1007 | 1008 | 1009 | 1010 | 1011 | 1012 | 1013 | 1014 | 1015 | 1016 | 1017 | 1018 | 1019 | 1020 | 1021 | 1022 | 1023 | 1024 | 1025 | 1026 | 1027 | 1028 | 1029 | 1030 | 1031 | 1032 | 1033 | 1034 | 1035 | 1036 | 1037 | 1038 | 1039 | 1040 | 1041 | 1042 | 1043 | 1044 | 1045 | 1046 | 1047 | 1048 | 1049 | 1050 | 1051 | 1052 | 1053 | 1054 | 1055 | 1056 | 1057 | 1058 | 1059 | 1060 | 1061 | 1062 | 1063 | 1064 | 1065 | 1066 | 1067 | 1068 | 1069 | 1070 | 1071 | 1072 | 1073 | 1074 | 1075 | 1076 | 1077 | 1078 | 1079 | 1080 | 1081 | 1082 | 1083 | 1084 | 1085 | 1086 | 1087 | 1088 | 1089 | 1090 | 1091 | 1092 | 1093 | 1094 | 1095 | 1096 | 1097 | 1098 | 1099 | 1100 | 1101 | 1102 | 1103 | 1104 | 1105 | 1106 | 1107 | 1108 | 1109 | 1110 | 1111 | 1112 | 1113 | 1114 | 1115 | 1116 | 1117 | 1118 | 1119 | 1120 | 1121 | 1122 | 1123 | 1124 | 1125 | 1126 | 1127 | 1128 | 1129 | 1130 | 1131 | 1132 | 1133 | 1134 | 1135 | 1136 | 1137 | 1138 | 1139 | 1140 | 1141 | 1142 | 1143 | 1144 | 1145 | 1146 | 1147 | 1148 | 1149 | 1150 | 1151 | 1152 | 1153 | 1154 | 1155 | 1156 | 1157 | 1158 | 1159 | 1160 | 1161 | 1162 | 1163 | 1164 | 1165 | 1166 | 1167 | 1168 | 1169 | 1170 | 1171 | 1172 | 1173 | 1174 | 1175 | 1176 | 1177 | 1178 | 1179 | 1180 | 1181 | 1182 | 1183 | 1184 | 1185 | 1186 | 1187 | 1188 | 1189 | 1190 | 1191 | 1192 | 1193 | 1194 | 1195 | 1196 | 1197 | 1198 | 1199 | 1200 | 1201 | 1202 | 1203 | 1204 | 1205 | 1206 | 1207 | 1208 | 1209 | 1210 | 1211 | 1212 | 1213 | 1214 | 1215 | 1216 | 1217 | 1218 | 1219 | 1220 | 1221 | 1222 | 1223 | 1224 | 1225 | 1226 | 1227 | 1228 | 1229 | 1230 | 1231 | 1232 | 1233 | 1234 | 1235 | 1236 | 1237 | 1238 | 1239 | 1240 | 1241 | 1242 | 1243 | 1244 | 1245 | 1246 | 1247 | 1248 | 1249 | 1250 | 1251 | 1252 | 1253 | 1254 | 1255 | 1256 | 1257 | 1258 | 1259 | 1260 | 1261 | 1262 | 1263 | 1264 | 1265 | 1266 | 1267 | 1268 | 1269 | 1270 | 1271 | 1272 | 1273 | 1274 | 1275 | 1276 | 1277 | 1278 | 1279 | 1280 | 1281 | 1282 | 1283 | 1284 | 1285 | 1286 | 1287 | 1288 | 1289 | 1290 | 1291 | 1292 | 1293 | 1294 | 1295 | 1296 | 1297 | 1298 | 1299 | 1300 | 1301 | 1302 | 1303 | 1304 | 1305 | 1306 | 1307 | 1308 | 1309 | 1310 | 1311 | 1312 | 1313 | 1314 | 1315 | 1316 | 1317 | 1318 | 1319 | 1320 | 1321 | 1322 | 1323 | 1324 | 1325 | 1326 | 1327 | 1328 | 1329 | 1330 | 1331 | 1332 | 1333 | 1334 | 1335 | 1336 | 1337 | 1338 | 1339 | 1340 | 1341 | 1342 | 1343 | 1344 | 1345 | 1346 | 1347 | 1348 | 1349 | 1350 | 1351 | 1352 | 1353 | 1354 | 1355 | 1356 | 1357 | 1358 | 1359 | 1360 | 1361 | 1362 | 1363 | 1364 | 1365 | 1366 | 1367 | 1368 | 1369 | 1370 | 1371 | 1372 | 1373 | 1374 | 1375 | 1376 | 1377 | 1378 | 1379 | 1380 | 1381 | 1382 | 1383 | 1384 | 1385 | 1386 | 1387 | 1388 | 1389 | 1390 | 1391 | 1392 | 1393 | 1394 | 1395 | 1396 | 1397 | 1398 | 1399 | 1400 | 1401 | 1402 | 1403 | 1404 | 1405 | 1406 | 1407 | 1408 | 1409 | 1410 | 1411 | 1412 | 1413 | 1414 | 1415 | 1416 | 1417 | 1418 | 1419 | 1420 | 1421 | 1422 | 1423 | 1424 | 1425 | 1426 | 1427 | 1428 | 1429 | 1430 | 1431 | 1432 | 1433 | 1434 | 1435 | 1436 | 1437 | 1438 | 1439 | 1440 | 1441 | 1442 | 1443 | 1444 | 1445 | 1446 | 1447 | 1448 | 1449 | 1450 | 1451 | 1452 | 1453 | 1454 | 1455 | 1456 | 1457 | 1458 | 1459 | 1460 | 1461 | 1462 | 1463 | 1464 | 1465 | 1466 | 1467 | 1468 | 1469 | 1470 | 1471 | 1472 | 1473 | 1474 | 1475 | 1476 | 1477 | 1478 | 1479 | 1480 | 1481 | 1482 | 1483 | 1484 | 1485 | 1486 | 1487 | 1488 | 1489 | 1490 | 1491 | 1492 | 1493 | 1494 | 1495 | 1496 | 1497 | 1498 | 1499 | 1500 | 1501 | 1502 | 1503 | 1504 | 1505 | 1506 | 1507 | 1508 | 1509 | 1510 | 1511 | 1512 | 1513 | 1514 | 1515 | 1516 | 1517 | 1518 | 1519 | 1520 | 1521 | 1522 | 1523 | 1524 | 1525 | 1526 | 1527 | 1528 | 1529 | 1530 | 1531 | 1532 | 1533 | 1534 | 1535 | 1536 | 1537 | 1538 | 1539 | 1540 | 1541 | 1542 | 1543 | 1544 | 1545 | 1546 | 1547 | 1548 | 1549 | 1550 | 1551 | 1552 | 1553 | 1554 | 1555 | 1556 | 1557 | 1558 | 1559 | 1560 | 1561 | 1562 | 1563 | 1564 | 1565 | 1566 | 1567 | 1568 | 1569 | 1570 | 1571 | 1572 | 1573 | 1574 | 1575 | 1576 | 1577 | 1578 | 1579 | 1580 | 1581 | 1582 | 1583 | 1584 | 1585 | 1586 | 1587 | 1588 | 1589 | 1590 | 1591 | 1592 | 1593 | 1594 | 1595 | 1596 | 1597 | 1598 | 1599 | 1600 | 1601 | 1602 | 1603 | 1604 | 1605 | 1606 | 1607 | 1608 | 1609 | 1610 | 1611 | 1612 | 1613 | 1614 | 1615 | 1616 | 1617 | 1618 | 1619 | 1620 | 1621 | 1622 | 1623 | 1624 | 1625 | 1626 | 1627 | 1628 | 1629 | 1630 | 1631 | 1632 | 1633 | 1634 | 1635 | 1636 | 1637 | 1638 | 1639 | 1640 | 1641 | 1642 | 1643 | 1644 | 1645 | 1646 | 1647 | 1648 | 1649 | 1650 | 1651 | 1652 | 1653 | 1654 | 1655 | 1656 | 1657 | 1658 | 1659 | 1660 | 1661 | 1662 | 1663 | 1664 | 1665 | 1666 | 1667 | 1668 | 1669 | 1670 | 1671 | 1672 | 1673 | 1674 | 1675 | 1676 | 1677 | 1678 | 1679 | 1680 | 1681 | 1682 | 1683 | 1684 | 1685 | 1686 | 1687 | 1688 | 1689 | 1690 | 1691 | 1692 | 1693 | 1694 | 1695 | 1696 | 1697 | 1698 | 1699 | 1700 | 1701 | 1702 | 1703 | 1704 | 1705 | 1706 | 1707 | 1708 | 1709 | 1710 | 1711 | 1712 | 1713 | 1714 | 1715 | 1716 | 1717 | 1718 | 1719 | 1720 | 1721 | 1722 | 1723 | 1724 | 1725 | 1726 | 1727 | 1728 | 1729 | 1730 | 1731 | 1732 | 1733 | 1734 | 1735 | 1736 | 1737 | 1738 | 1739 | 1740 | 1741 | 1742 | 1743 | 1744 | 1745 | 1746 | 1747 | 1748 | 1749 | 1750 | 1751 | 1752 | 1753 | 1754 | 1755 | 1756 | 1757 | 1758 | 1759 | 1760 | 1761 | 1762 | 1763 | 1764 | 1765 | 1766 | 1767 | 1768 | 1769 | 1770 | 1771 | 1772 | 1773 | 1774 | 1775 | 1776 | 1777 | 1778 | 1779 | 1780 | 1781 | 1782 | 1783 | 1784 | 1785 | 1786 | 1787 | 1788 | 1789 | 1790 | 1791 | 1792 | 1793 | 1794 | 1795 | 1796 | 1797 | 1798 | 1799 | 1800 | 1801 | 1802 | 1803 | 1804 | 1805 | 1806 | 1807 | 1808 | 1809 | 1810 | 1811 | 1812 | 1813 | 1814 | 1815 | 1816 | 1817 | 1818 | 1819 | 1820 | 1821 | 1822 | 1823 | 1824 | 1825 | 1826 | 1827 | 1828 | 1829 | 1830 | 1831 | 1832 | 1833 | 1834 | 1835 | 1836 | 1837 | 1838 | 1839 | 1840 | 1841 | 1842 | 1843 | 1844 | 1845 | 1846 | 1847 | 1848 | 1849 | 1850 | 1851 | 1852 | 1853 | 1854 | 1855 | 1856 | 1857 | 1858 | 1859 | 1860 | 1861 | 1862 | 1863 | 1864 | 1865 | 1866 | 1867 | 1868 | 1869 | 1870 | 1871 | 1872 | 1873 | 1874 | 1875 | 1876 | 1877 | 1878 | 1879 | 1880 | 1881 | 1882 | 1883 | 1884 | 1885 | 1886 | 1887 | 1888 | 1889 | 1890 | 1891 | 1892 | 1893 | 1894 | 1895 | 1896 | 1897 | 1898 | 1899 | 1900 | 1901 | 1902 | 1903 | 1904 | 1905 | 1906 | 1907 | 1908 | 1909 | 1910 | 1911 | 1912 | 1913 | 1914 | 1915 | 1916 | 1917 | 1918 | 1919 | 1920 | 1921 | 1922 | 1923 | 1924 | 1925 | 1926 | 1927 | 1928 | 1929 | 1930 | 1931 | 1932 | 1933 | 1934 | 1935 | 1936 | 1937 | 1938 | 1939 | 1940 | 1941 | 1942 | 1943 | 1944 | 1945 | 1946 | 1947 | 1948 | 1949 | 1950 | 1951 | 1952 | 1953 | 1954 | 1955 | 1956 | 1957 | 1958 | 1959 | 1960 | 1961 | 1962 | 1963 | 1964 | 1965 | 1966 | 1967 | 1968 | 1969 | 1970 | 1971 | 1972 | 1973 | 1974 | 1975 | 1976 | 1977 | 1978 | 1979 | 1980 | 1981 | 1982 | 1983 | 1984 | 1985 | 1986 | 1987 | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030 | 2031 | 2032 | 2033 | 2034 | 2035 | 2036 | 2037 | 2038 | 2039 | 2040 | 2041 | 2042 | 2043 | 2044 | 2045 | 2046 | 2047 | 2048 | 2049 | 2050 | 2051 | 2052 | 2053 | 2054 | 2055 | 2056 | 2057 | 2058 | 2059 | 2060 | 2061 | 2062 | 2063 | 2064 | 2065 | 2066 | 2067 | 2068 | 2069 | 2070 | 2071 | 2072 | 2073 | 2074 | 2075 | 2076 | 2077 | 2078 | 2079 | 2080 | 2081 | 2082 | 2083 | 2084 | 2085 | 2086 | 2087 | 2088 | 2089 | 2090 | 2091 | 2092 | 2093 | 2094 | 2095 | 2096 | 2097 | 2098 | 2099 | 2100 | 2101 | 2102 | 2103 | 2104 | 2105 | 2106 | 2107 | 2108 | 2109 | 2110 | 2111 | 2112 | 2113 | 2114 | 2115 | 2116 | 2117 | 2118 | 2119 | 2120 | 2121 | 2122 | 2123 | 2124 | 2125 | 2126 | 2127 | 2128 | 2129 | 2130 | 2131 | 2132 | 2133 | 2134 | 2135 | 2136 | 2137 | 2138 | 2139 | 2140 | 2141 | 2142 | 2143 | 2144 | 2145 | 2146 | 2147 | 2148 | 2149 | 2150 | 2151 | 2152 | 2153 | 2154 | 2155 | 2156 | 2157 | 2158 | 2159 | 2160 | 2161 | 2162 | 2163 | 2164 | 2165 | 2166 | 2167 | 2168 | 2169 | 2170 | 2171 | 2172 | 2173 | 2174 | 2175 | 2176 | 2177 | 2178 | 2179 | 2180 | 2181 | 2182 | 2183 | 2184 | 2185 | 2186 | 2187 | 2188 | 2189 | 2190 | 2191 | 2192 | 2193 | 2194 | 2195 | 2196 | 2197 | 2198 | 2199 | 2200 | 2201 | 2202 | 2203 | 2204 | 2205 | 2206 | 2207 | 2208 | 2209 | 2210 | 2211 | 2212 | 2213 | 2214 | 2215 | 2216 | 2217 | 2218 | 2219 | 2220 | 2221 | 2222 | 2223 | 2224 | 2225 | 2226 | 2227 | 2228 | 2229 | 2230 | 2231 | 2232 | 2233 | 2234 | 2235 | 2236 | 2237 | 2238 | 2239 | 2240 | 2241 | 2242 | 2243 | 2244 | 2245 | 2246 | 2247 | 2248 | 2249 | 2250 | 2251 | 2252 | 2253 | 2254 | 2255 | 2256 | 2257 | 2258 | 2259 | 2260 | 2261 | 2262 | 2263 | 2264 | 2265 | 2266 | 2267 | 2268 | 2269 | 2270 | 2271 | 2272 | 2273 | 2274 | 2275 | 2276 | 2277 | 2278 | 2279 | 2280 | 2281 | 2282 | 2283 | 2284 | 2285 | 2286 | 2287 | 2288 | 2289 | 2290 | 2291 | 2292 | 2293 | 2294 | 2295 | 2296 | 2297 | 2298 | 2299 | 2300 | 2301 | 2302 | 2303 | 2304 | 2305 | 2306 | 2307 | 2308 | 2309 | 2310 | 2311 | 2312 | 2313 | 2314 | 2315 | 2316 | 2317 | 2318 | 2319 | 2320 | 2321 | 2322 | 2323 | 2324 | 2325 | 2326 | 2327 | 2328 | 2329 | 2330 | 2331 | 2332 | 2333 | 2334 | 2335 | 2336 | 2337 | 2338 | 2339 | 2340 | 2341 | 2342 | 2343 | 2344 | 2345 | 2346 | 2347 | 2348 | 2349 | 2350 | 2351 | 2352 | 2353 | 2354 | 2355 | 2356 | 2357 | 2358 | 2359 | 2360 | 2361 | 2362 | 2363 | 2364 | 2365 | 2366 | 2367 | 2368 | 2369 | 2370 | 2371 | 2372 | 2373 | 2374 | 2375 | 2376 | 2377 | 2378 | 2379 | 2380 | 2381 | 2382 | 2383 | 2384 | 2385 | 2386 | 2387 | 2388 | 2389 | 2390 | 2391 | 2392 | 2393 | 2394 | 2395 | 2396 | 2397 | 2398 | 2399 | 2400 | 2401 | 2402 | 2403 | 2404 | 2405 | 2406 | 2407 | 2408 | 2409 | 2410 | 2411 | 2412 | 2413 | 2414 | 2415 | 2416 | 2417 | 2418 | 2419 | 2420 | 2421 | 2422 | 2423 | 2424 | 2425 | 2426 | 2427 | 2428 | 2429 | 2430 | 2431 | 2432 | 2433 | 2434 | 2435 | 2436 | 2437 | 2438 | 2439 | 2440 | 2441 | 2442 | 2443 | 2444 | 2445 | 2446 | 2447 | 2448 | 2449 | 2450 | 2451 | 2452 | 2453 | 2454 | 2455 | 2456 | 2457 | 2458 | 2459 | 2460 | 2461 | 2462 | 2463 | 2464 | 2465 | 2466 | 2467 | 2468 | 2469 | 2470 | 2471 | 2472 | 2473 | 2474 | 2475 | 2476 | 2477 | 2478 | 2479 | 2480 | 2481 | 2482 | 2483 | 2484 | 2485 | 2486 | 2487 | 2488 | 2489 | 2490 | 2491 | 2492 | 2493 | 2494 | 2495 | 2496 | 2497 | 2498 | 2499 | 2500 | 2501 | 2502 | 2503 | 2504 | 2505 | 2506 | 2507 | 2508 | 2509 | 2510 | 2511 | 2512 | 2513 | 2514 | 2515 | 2516 | 2517 | 2518 | 2519 | 2520 | 2521 | 2522 | 2523 | 2524 | 2525 | 2526 | 2527 | 2528 | 2529 | 2530 | 2531 | 2532 | 2533 | 2534 | 2535 | 2536 | 2537 | 2538 | 2539 | 2540 | 2541 | 2542 | 2543 | 2544 | 2545 | 2546 | 2547 | 2548 | 2549 | 2550 | 2551 | 2552 | 2553 | 2554 | 2555 | 2556 | 2557 | 2558 | 2559 | 2560 | 2561 | 2562 | 2563 | 2564 | 2565 | 2566 | 2567 | 2568 | 2569 | 2570 | 2571 | 2572 | 2573 | 2574 | 2575 | 2576 | 2577 | 2578 | 2579 | 2580 | 2581 | 2582 | 2583 | 2584 | 2585 | 2586 | 2587 | 2588 | 2589 | 2590 | 2591 | 2592 | 2593 | 2594 | 2595 | 2596 | 2597 | 2598 | 2599 | 2600 | 2601 | 2602 | 2603 | 2604 | 2605 | 2606 | 2607 | 2608 | 2609 | 2610 | 2611 | 2612 | 2613 | 2614 | 2615 | 2616 | 2617 | 2618 | 2619 | 2620 | 2621 | 2622 | 2623 | 2624 | 2625 | 2626 | 2627 | 2628 | 2629 | 2630 | 2631 | 2632 | 2633 | 2634 | 2635 | 2636 | 2637 | 2638 | 2639 | 2640 | 2641 | 2642 | 2643 | 2644 | 2645 | 2646 | 2647 | 2648 | 2649 | 2650 | 2651 | 2652 | 2653 | 2654 | 2655 | 2656 | 2657 | 2658 | 2659 | 2660 | 2661 | 2662 | 2663 | 2664 | 2665 | 2666 | 2667 | 2668 | 2669 | 2670 | 2671 | 2672 | 2673 | 2674 | 2675 | 2676 | 2677 | 2678 | 2679 | 2680 | 2681 | 2682 | 2683 | 2684 | 2685 | 2686 | 2687 | 2688 | 2689 | 2690 | 2691 | 2692 | 2693 | 2694 | 2695 | 2696 | 2697 | 2698 | 2699 | 2700 | 2701 | 2702 | 2703 | 2704 | 2705 | 2706 | 2707 | 2708 | 2709 | 2710 | 2711 | 2712 | 2713 | 2714 | 2715 | 2716 | 2717 | 2718 | 2719 | 2720 | 2721 | 2722 | 2723 | 2724 | 2725 | 2726 | 2727 | 2728 | 2729 | 2730 | 2731 | 2732 | 2733 | 2734 | 2735 | 2736 | 2737 | 2738 | 2739 | 2740 | 2741 | 2742 | 2743 | 2744 | 2745 | 2746 | 2747 | 2748 | 2749 | 2750 | 2751 | 2752 | 2753 | 2754 | 2755 | 2756 | 2757 | 2758 | 2759 | 2760 | 2761 | 2762 | 2763 | 2764 | 2765 | 2766 | 2767 | 2768 | 2769 | 2770 | 2771 | 2772 | 2773 | 2774 | 2775 | 2776 | 2777 | 2778 | 2779 | 2780 | 2781 | 2782 | 2783 | 2784 | 2785 | 2786 | 2787 | 2788 | 2789 | 2790 | 2791 | 2792 | 2793 | 2794 | 2795 | 2796 | 2797 | 2798 | 2799 | 2800 | 2801 | 2802 | 2803 | 2804 | 2805 | 2806 | 2807 | 2808 | 2809 | 2810 | 2811 | 2812 | 2813 | 2814 | 2815 | 2816 | 2817 | 2818 | 2819 | 2820 | 2821 | 2822 | 2823 | 2824 | 2825 | 2826 | 2827 | 2828 | 2829 | 2830 | 2831 | 2832 | 2833 | 2834 | 2835 | 2836 | 2837 | 2838 | 2839 | 2840 | 2841 | 2842 | 2843 | 2844 | 2845 | 2846 | 2847 | 2848 | 2849 | 2850 | 2851 | 2852 | 2853 | 2854 | 2855 | 2856 | 2857 | 2858 | 2859 | 2860 | 2861 | 2862 | 2863 | 2864 | 2865 | 2866 | 2867 | 2868 | 2869 | 2870 | 2871 | 2872 | 2873 | 2874 | 2875 | 2876 | 2877 | 2878 | 2879 | 2880 | 2881 | 2882 | 2883 | 2884 | 2885 | 2886 | 2887 | 2888 | 2889 | 2890 | 2891 | 2892 | 2893 | 2894 | 2895 | 2896 | 2897 | 2898 | 2899 | 2900 | 2901 | 2902 | 2903 | 2904 | 2905 | 2906 | 2907 | 2908 | 2909 | 2910 | 2911 | 2912 | 2913 | 2914 | 2915 | 2916 | 2917 | 2918 | 2919 | 2920 | 2921 | 2922 | 2923 | 2924 | 2925 | 2926 | 2927 | 2928 | 2929 | 2930 | 2931 | 2932 | 2933 | 2934 | 2935 | 2936 | 2937 | 2938 | 2939 | 2940 | 2941 | 2942 | 2943 | 2944 | 2945 | 2946 | 2947 | 2948 | 2949 | 2950 | 2951 | 2952 | 2953 | 2954 | 2955 | 2956 | 2957 | 2958 | 2959 | 2960 | 2961 | 2962 | 2963 | 2964 | 2965 | 2966 | 2967 | 2968 | 2969 | 2970 | 2971 | 2972 | 2973 | 2974 | 2975 | 2976 | 2977 | 2978 | 2979 | 2980 | 2981 | 2982 | 2983 | 2984 | 2985 | 2986 | 2987 | 2988 | 2989 | 2990 | 2991 | 2992 | 2993 | 2994 | 2995 | 2996 | 2997 | 2998 | 2999 | 3000 | 3001 | 3002 | 3003 | 3004 | 3005 | 3006 | 3007 | 3008 | 3009 | 3010 | 3011 | 3012 | 3013 | 3014 | 3015 | 3016 | 3017 | 3018 | 3019 | 3020 | 3021 | 3022 | 3023 | 3024 | 3025 | 3026 | 3027 | 3028 | 3029 | 3030 | 3031 | 3032 | 3033 | 3034 | 3035 | 3036 | 3037 | 3038 | 3039 | 3040 | 3041 | 3042 | 3043 | 3044 | 3045 | 3046 | 3047 | 3048 | 3049 | 3050 | 3051 | 3052 | 3053 | 3054 | 3055 | 3056 | 3057 | 3058 | 3059 | 3060 | 3061 | 3062 | 3063 | 3064 | 3065 | 3066 | 3067 | 3068 | 3069 | 3070 | 3071 | 3072 | 3073 | 3074 | 3075 | 3076 | 3077 | 3078 | 3079 | 3080 | 3081 | 3082 | 3083 | 3084 | 3085 | 3086 | 3087 | 3088 | 3089 | 3090 | 3091 | 3092 | 3093 | 3094 | 3095 | 3096 | 3097 | 3098 | 3099 | 3100 | 3101 | 3102 | 3103 | 3104 | 3105 | 3106 | 3107 | 3108 | 3109 | 3110 | 3111 | 3112 | 3113 | 3114 | 3115 | 3116 | 3117 | 3118 | 3119 | 3120 | 3121 | 3122 | 3123 | 3124 | 3125 | 3126 | 3127 | 3128 | 3129 | 3130 | 3131 | 3132 | 3133 | 3134 | 3135 | 3136 | 3137 | 3138 | 3139 | 3140 | 3141 | 3142 | 3143 | 3144 | 3145 | 3146 | 3147 | 3148 | 3149 | 3150 | 3151 | 3152 | 3153 | 3154 | 3155 | 3156 | 3157 | 3158 | 3159 | 3160 | 3161 | 3162 | 3163 | 3164 | 3165 | 3166 | 3167 | 3168 | 3169 | 3170 | 3171 | 3172 | 3173 | 3174 | 3175 | 3176 | 3177 | 3178 | 3179 | 3180 | 3181 | 3182 | 3183 | 3184 | 3185 | 3186 | 3187 | 3188 | 3189 | 3190 | 3191 | 3192 | 3193 | 3194 | 3195 | 3196 | 3197 | 3198 | 3199 | 3200 | 3201 | 3202 | 3203 | 3204 | 3205 | 3206 | 3207 | 3208 | 3209 | 3210 | 3211 | 3212 | 3213 | 3214 | 3215 | 3216 | 3217 | 3218 | 3219 | 3220 | 3221 | 3222 | 3223 | 3224 | 3225 | 3226 | 3227 | 3228 | 3229 | 3230 | 3231 | 3232 | 3233 | 3234 | 3235 | 3236 | 3237 | 3238 | 3239 | 3240 | 3241 | 3242 | 3243 | 3244 | 3245 | 3246 | 3247 | 3248 | 3249 | 页 |
欢迎您访问长城小站!! 
您当前的位置：长城专题 -> 长城数据库系统 -> 长城文献资料库
图标的图书，表明在库中有全文。
图标的图书，表明有外部参考链接。
图标的图书，表明在库中有PDF下载。
